eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
1
8
10.22059/ijer.2015.867
867
An Efficiency-CentredHierarchicalMethod toAssess Performance of WastewaterTreatment Plants
Z. Chen
zhichen@alcor.concordia.ca
1
T. Zayed
2
A. Qasem
3
Department of Building, Civil, and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec,Canada H3G 1M8
Department of Building, Civil, and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec,Canada H3G 1M8
Department of Building, Civil, and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec,Canada H3G 1M8
An efficiency-centred hierarchical model is developed to assess the performance ofwastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Specifically, a new treatment performance index (TPI) hasbeen proposed to determine the overall treatment performance of WWTP by analysing the TPIvalues and the weights of individual treatment phase for overall treatment performance. Threemodules have been developed to examine the performance of the primary, secondary, and tertiarytreatment units of aWWTP. Themodel is applied to threeWWTPswith different scale, loading rate,capacity, and process phases. The case study results indicate that the developed tool is useful inassessing the WWTP system in terms of treatment efficiency, operating conditions, and costeffectivenessof its management schemes. The model can be also combined with an infrastructurecondition rating index model to form a condition rating model for a WWTP, and used as a costeffectivetool to evaluate current and future needs in operation and management.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_867_89dff486df07683d151165ca617e3106.pdf
Condition rating
Infrastructure
Model
Performance index
Wastewater treatment
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
9
18
10.22059/ijer.2015.868
868
Assessing theValue ofUrbanGreen Spaces inMitigatingMulti-SeasonalUrban Heat usingMODISLand SurfaceTemperature (LST) andLandsat 8 data
J.O. Odindi
odindi@ukzn.ac.za
1
V. Bangamwabo
2
O. Mutanga
3
School ofAgricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University ofKwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209 Pietermaritzburg, SouthAfrica
School ofAgricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University ofKwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209 Pietermaritzburg, SouthAfrica
School ofAgricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University ofKwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209 Pietermaritzburg, SouthAfrica
Urban growth and associated landscape transformation has been a major driver of local, regionaland global environmental change. The conversion of urban greenery to impervious landscapes has been identifiedas a key factor influencing the distinctive urban heat and associated consequences. Due to the often highdemand for space in urban areas, creation and preservation of urban greenery as heat sinks is commonlyperceived as “a waste of space”. Consequently, there is an increasing need for creation and preservation ofsuch spaces. This study sought to quantify multi-seasonal heat contribution of major Land-Use-Land-Cover(LULC) within the Ethekwini Municipal Area (EMA) using the recently launched Landsat 8 and MODIS -Land Surface and Temperature (LST) data-sets. To determine the contribution of urban greenery as possibleremedy to Urban Heat Island (UHI), major LULCs were grouped into four functional zones and ContributionIndex (CI) used to determine multi-seasonal heat contribution to EMA. Results show that impervious surfaceswere the major heat source while the green spaces were the major heat sinks. Furthermore, the built-up/greenspaces transition zones accounted for significantly lower heat contribution to the entire landscape. The latterfinding indicates the value of developing greenery mosaics within the often densely built-up urban areas. Inaddition to determining extents of EMA’s valuable greenery, this study demonstrates the value of remotelysensed data-sets in understanding the implication of LULC types on the urban micro-climate. The study isparticularly valuable for designing sustainable urban socio-economic and environmental strategies at local,regional and global climate change
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_868_21ffd5df31f2004543efdd721c132e57.pdf
Urbanization
MODIS
Landsat
Green spaces
remote sensing
Urban Heat Island
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
19
26
10.22059/ijer.2015.869
869
Utilization of ZeroValent Iron (ZVI) Particles Produced fromSteel Industry Waste for In-Situ Remediation ofGroundWaterContaminated withOrgano- Chlorine PesticideHeptachlor
R. Mukherjee
1
A. Sinha
aloksinha11@yahoo.com
2
Y. Lama
3
V. Kumar
4
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian School ofMines, Dhanbad-826004, Jharkhand, India
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian School ofMines, Dhanbad-826004, Jharkhand, India
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian School ofMines, Dhanbad-826004, Jharkhand, India
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian School ofMines, Dhanbad-826004, Jharkhand, India
Treatment of ground water contaminated with halogenated pesticides is a challenging task. Thispaper focuses on preparation, characterization and treatment of heptachlor by iron particles synthesized fromsteel industry waste (S-ZVI). The BOF sludge, which is dumped in landfills, is an iron rich source and wasused as the source material for S-ZVI synthesis. The vital step was reducing agent sodium borohydrideoptimization and a high dose of 3.5g/10mL of dose was required for production of S-ZVI. The average particlesize for S-ZVI and after modifying using surfactant PAA (5%) was 1660 nm and 300 nm, respectively.Crystalline structure of S-ZVI and a diverse chemical composition was found with high contents of Na, Ca andMg. Reduction of heptachlor was studied in batch reactors using S-ZVI, PAA modified S-ZVI, Tween 20modified S-ZVI and pure ZVI. After 48h, the reduction efficiency of heptachlor, by various forms of ZVI, wasfound to be 87%, 89%, 75 % and 93% respectively. The observed dechlorination rate constant of Heptachlorby PAA modified S-ZVI was found to be the highest (1.959/hr) followed by Tween 20 modified S-ZVI (1.106/hr), unmodified S-ZVI (0.526 /hr) and pure ZVI (0.09 /hr). The Surface Area Normalised Rate constant (kSA)were found to be 0.2884 L/hr/m2, 0.1074 L/hr/m2, 0.06606 L/hr/m2 , and 0.000486 L/hr/m2 for S-ZVI, PAAmodified S-ZVI, Tween 20 modified S-ZVI, and pure ZVI respectively.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_869_86aa0a10e7b1bf0415d0288e6de683ac.pdf
Heptachlor
ZeroValent Iron (ZVI)
BlastOxygen Furnace Sludge
surfactant
ReductiveDehalogenation
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
27
34
10.22059/ijer.2015.870
870
Measuring SocialPreferences forRural Development in Southern Europe
M. Domínguez-Torreiro
1
M. Soliño
solino.mario@inia.es
2
CantabrianAgricultural Research Centre (CIFA), C/ Héroes 2 deMayo 27, 39600Muriedas, Cantabria, Spain
Forest Research Centre (CIFOR), National Institute forAgriculture and Food Research and Technology(INIA), Ctra. deLa Coruña km. 7,5, 28040Madrid, Spain. Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid &INIA, Avda. de Madrid 57, 34004 Palencia, Spain
It is a well-known result in both environmental economics and natural resources managementthat you will not be able to manage what you are not able to measure. This paper presents a dichotomous-choicecontingent valuation survey that analyses individuals’ preferences for the implementation of a rural developmentprogram (RDP) that fosters the provision of non-commodity outputs in rural areas in Southern Europe. In orderto account for the fact that some of the respondents show unwillingness to pay for the program, out-of-themarketindividuals have been identified. According to the results of our behavioral models, prospective positivewelfare changes due to policy implementation constitute a sound argument in favor of regional RDPs. Finally,higher levels of social legitimacy and social support towards RDPs will be inextricably related to the issue ofbeing able to communicate to the wider public what the potential outcomes and expected potential benefits ofRDPs will be.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_870_b8e5282a64c4c83ad1f6e7596d6f4e7b.pdf
Non-commodity outputs
Rural development policy
Stated preference methods
Spike models
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
35
42
10.22059/ijer.2015.871
871
The Effects ofCuO and ZnO Nanoparticles on Survival, Reproduction, Absorption,Overweight, andAccumulation in Eisenia fetida Earthworm Tissues in Two Substrates
I. Alahdadi
alahdadi@ut.ac.ir
1
F. Behboudi
2
Department of Crop Sciences and Plant Breeding, College ofAboureihan, University ofTehran, Tehran, Iran
Department of Crop Sciences and Plant Breeding, College ofAboureihan, University ofTehran, Tehran, Iran
This study aimed to investigate the effects of tow nanoparticles (NPs) on the absorption,accumulation, reproduction of the Eisenia fetida. A 4×2×2 factorial experiment in a randomized completeblock design with three replications was conducted. The factors included in the experiment are the content ofNPs at four levels (0, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2gr/kg weight of substrate), the type of NPs at two levels (CuO and ZnO)and the type of substrates at two levels (cow manure and spent mushroom compost (SMC)). After preparingthe substrates, adult worms were added to each pot that has 6kg of each type of substrates. The aqua solutionof NPs was added to the cultures. The NPs effects on the overweight, mortality, accumulation and reproductionwere measured at the end of seven- and fourteen-day two periods after exposure to NPs. The earthwormtissues were enhanced with increasing the NPs concentration. The increases were more in cow manure thanSMC, and the accumulation of ZnO were more than CuO. The number of the earthworm egg decreased in both7th&4th days through increasing the NPs concentration. The ZnO were more effective in reducing thereproduction than the CuO in the seventh day after the substrates treatment. Overweight decreased in bothseventh and fourteenth days through increasing the NPs concentration. Nano CuO was more effective inreducing the overweight than nano ZnO, The decrease of the worm tissues in the SMC substrate was morethan the cow manure substrate in the fourteenth day after the treatment
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_871_d7e5f53419171be6f06c0208496c62dc.pdf
Compressive strength earthworms
Cow manure
Eisenia foetida
nanoparticles
SMC
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
43
52
10.22059/ijer.2015.872
872
Thermodynamics ofCu2+Adsorption on soilHumin
C.L. Li
1
S. Wang
2
F. Ji
3
J.J. Zhang
zhangjinjing@126.com
4
L.C. Wang
5
College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118,P.R. China
College of Plant Science, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology College, Jilin, 132101, P.R. China
College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118,P.R. China
College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118,P.R. China
Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environments, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130124, P.R. China
The adsorption thermodynamic characteristic of Cu2+ from aqueous solution onto humin andalso humic acid from a typical black soil in northeast China were examined at three different temperatures(298, 318 and 338 K) by batch isotherm experiments. Results showed that humin was structurally differentfrom humic acid. The increase of temperature had a positive effect on the adsorption process. Freundlichequation described the equilibrium data better with respect to Langmuir equation. Thermodynamic parameters,i.e. standard free energy changes (ΔGº), standard enthalpy change (ΔHº) and standard entropy change (ΔSº),revealed that Cu2+ adsorption by humin and humic acid were a feasible, spontaneous and endothermic processwith an increase in disorder. The values of isosteric heat of adsorption (ΔHx) increased with increasing surfaceCu2+ loading, and the increase in ΔHx values was smaller for humin than for humic acid. The results indicatedthat humin and humic acid possessed energetically heterogeneous surfaces. Humic acid had greater surfaceheterogeneity than humin
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_872_1de1a6c3d3d364c7a36073184fb323fd.pdf
Humin
Humic Acid
Cu2+
Adsorption Isotherm
Thermodynamic parameters
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
53
60
10.22059/ijer.2015.873
873
Using the Copse snail Arianta arbustorum (Linnaeus) to Detect Repellent Compounds and theQuality ofwoodVinegar
M. Hagner
marleena.hagner@helsinki.fi
1
E. Kuoppala
2
L. Fagernäs
3
K. Tiilikkala
4
H. Setälä
5
UniversityofHelsinki,Department ofEnvironmental Sciences,Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
VTTTechnical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, 02044VTT, Espoo, Finland
VTTTechnical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, 02044VTT, Espoo, Finland
MTTAgrifood Research Finland, 31600 Jokioinen, Finland
UniversityofHelsinki,Department ofEnvironmental Sciences,Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
Wood vinegar is the aqueous phase of the liquid produced during the slow pyrolysis of wood.It has the potential to be used as a pesticide against various weeds, insects and molluscs. Due to divergentfeedstocks, pyrolysis processes and storing conditions, the chemical composition of wood vinegar variesbetween producers and time. The aim of our current study was to use the copse snail Arianta arbustorum asa biological odour detector to identify the effective compounds behind the repellent effect of wood vinegar. Wealso studied whether variation in the chemical composition of wood vinegars from different producers impactsrepellency efficiency. Of the tested constituents, acetic acid, furfural and ether-soluble (mainly aldehydes,ketones, lignin monomers) and ether-insoluble (“wood syrup”) fractions of the water extract of wood vinegarinduced a clear repellent effect on snails, but their effects were considerably lower than the effect of woodvinegar. Thus the repellent effect of wood vinegar is due to a larger set of its chemical constituents rather thanto a specific compound. All tested wood vinegars induced a clear repellent influence on snails, but differencesexisted between the products of different retorts. These differences were at least partly due to differences inthe products’ organic material content. According to our studies, A. arbustorum can sense quality differencesbetween wood vinegars, even below 10% dilutions. We suggest that utilizing the avoidance behaviour of A.arbustorum is an easy, non-costly method for monitoring the quality of slow pyrolysis liquids but alsohitherto unknown environmental contaminants.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_873_cd65f1e7d2d0ddcaaadbdd32dcfda314.pdf
Arianta arbustorum
Wood vinegar
Repellent
Pyrolysis liquids
Slow pyrolysis
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
61
68
10.22059/ijer.2015.874
874
ThermoeconomicAnalysis andMulti-ObjectiveOptimization of a LiBr-Water Absorption Refrigeration System
M. Abbaspour
abbpor@sharif.edu
1
A.R. Saraei
2
School ofMechanical Engineering, SharifUniversity of Technology, Tehran, Iran
School ofMechanical Engineering, SharifUniversity of Technology, Tehran, Iran
Performance optimization of a single-effect lithium bromide water absorption refrigerationsystem is the subject of this paper. First, the thermodynamic model of the system wasderived based on thefirst and second law analysis of an absorption refrigeration cycle with LiBr-water as the working fluid pair.Then, the effects of different design parameters such as the generator inlet hot water temperature, evaporatorinlet chilling water temperature and absorber and condenser inlet cooling water temperatures on the performanceof the systemwere investigated. In order that, by defining the coefficient of performance (COP), exergyefficiency (Second-law efficiency) and total cost function of the system as the objective functions, the geneticalgorithm optimization technique was implemented to evaluate these performance indexes. Finally, the optimalvalues of design parameters and objective functions were found and compared to the initial values. Resultsshow significant improvement in system COP (about 75 %), exergy efficiency (47 %) and total cost (12 %).
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_874_e790a3e9d30c06d42261d0ab7890f546.pdf
Absorption
Refrigeration
Thermoeconomic analysis
Exergy Analysis
genetic algorithm
Optimization
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
69
76
10.22059/ijer.2015.875
875
Multi-objectiveWaste LoadAllocation in RiverSystembyMOPSOAlgorithm
E. Feizi Ashtiani
1
M.H. Niksokhan
niksokhan@ut.ac.ir
2
M. Ardestani
ardestanie@ut.ac.ir
3
Graduate Faculty of Environment, Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Tehran,P.O.Box 14155-6135, Iran
Graduate Faculty of Environment, Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Tehran,P.O.Box 14155-6135, Iran
Graduate Faculty of Environment, Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Tehran,P.O.Box 14155-6135, Iran
This paper explores the capabilities of Multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization algorithmin a simulation-optimization model for solving waste load allocation problems. The main goals are totaltreatment costs, violation of the water quality standards and equity. In this research, the water qualitysimulation model is coupled with a multi-objective optimization model, MOPSO. In order to derive nondominatedsolutions, two different optimization models are used. The first is referred to as the cost versusquality model and the second one also consider minimizing cost and inequity. For the each case, the trade-offcurve (Pareto front) is derived and the best non-dominated solution on the trade-off could be selected bystakeholders and decision makers. The proposed model has been developed for Haraz River in the northernpart of Iran which represented scenarios considering different interests and answered questions to modifyscenarios according to the decision makers’ideas. Solutions were compared with NSGA-II, and the resultsdemonstrate a suitable convergence and diversity of proposed algorithm.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_875_8c258f0c552e0c273f876714a2d91c75.pdf
Waste LoadAllocation
Equity
MOPSO
Multi-Objective Optimization
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
77
84
10.22059/ijer.2015.876
876
Modeling and Performance Evaluation of a full scale Petrochemical WastewaterTreatment Process
M.A. Morales-Mora
1
J.L. Paredes
2
J.A. Montes deOca
3
V.X. Mendoza-Escamilla
4
S.A. Martínez-Delgadillo
samd@correo.azc.uam.mx
5
PEMEXPetrochemicals, 96558, Coatzacoalcos,Veracruz,México
PEMEXPetrochemicals, PetrochemicalComplexLa Cangrejera. 96400,Coatzacoalcos,Veracruz,México
PEMEXPetrochemicals, PetrochemicalComplexLa Cangrejera. 96400,Coatzacoalcos,Veracruz,México
Department of Electronic,MetropolitanAutonomous University,Azcapotzalco. 07740,México
Department of Basic Sciences.MetropolitanAutonomous University, Azcapotzalco. 07740,México
Evaluation and modeling of the wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) have to be based on thefact that the pollutant concentrations and flow rates change constantly. In addition, different approaches mustused due to there are different processes in a WWTP. A Mexican petrochemical complex has a WWTP thatprocesses wastewaters from several petrochemical plants, where the flow rates and pollutant concentrationschange constantly. The actual WWTP has an equalization pond (EP) followed by an aerated lagoon (AL). TheEP performance was evaluated by CFD tool and it was possible to evaluate the equalization pond performance.In the biological process, a more realistic dynamical model to evaluate the AL performance was developed andcalibrated. The reactor was modeled as a plug flow reactor with high dispersion, due to there is no biologicalsludge recirculation. It was found that with an increase of 12.5% in the wastewater flow rate the Mexicanregulation will not be satisfied The model improves modeling because considers different actual operationalfactors as lost of VOC and variations of temperature, influent COD and flow rate, which have tremendousimpact on the petrochemical wastewater treatment plant performance.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_876_5dfe46152130c87539a952e37371de8e.pdf
CFD
Modeling
Petrochemical
treatment
Wastewater
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
85
92
10.22059/ijer.2015.877
877
Potential use of Foundry Sand as Heterogeneous Catalyst in Solar Photo- Fenton Degradation ofHerbicide Isoproturon
M. Kaur
1
A. Verma
anoop.kumar@thapar.edu
2
H. Rajput
3
School ofEnergy and Environment, Thapar University, Patiala, India
School ofEnergy and Environment, Thapar University, Patiala, India
School ofEnergy and Environment, Thapar University, Patiala, India
This study deals with employing foundry sand (FS) as new low cost iron source in heterogeneousphoto-Fenton process for the degradation of herbicide isoproturon (IPU) in aqueous solution. Thecharacterization of the FS by EDS confirmed presence of iron (23%) required for photo-Fenton andsimultaneously confirmed absence of any heavy metals which may be susceptible to leaching. The photo-Fenton effects of different reaction parameters like H2O2 concentration [H2O2]0, operating pH, initialconcentration of IPU [C0], FS dose, recycling of FS, effect of area/volume ratio were investigated. Resultsshowed that the maximal removal efficiency were achieved when reaction parameters were [H2O2]0= 2.2 mM,pH 3, FS dose=0.5 g/L, [C0] =25 mg/L. Under optimum condition, 97% degradation efficiency of IPU wasachieved within 150 min of reaction. The catalyst recycling test was performed and FS was effectivelyrecycled for 4 times with 20% reduction in degradation efficiency. SEM-EDS analysis of recycled FS confirmedmorphology of FS unchanged. Solar baffled batch reactor (SBBR) with recirculation confirmed 70% degradationof IPU after 6 h. IPU mineralization was confirmed with TOC reduction, NH4+ generation along with formationof intermediates as confirmed through LC-MS.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_877_449b3ca6c8a93b9c453a60f55feafb62.pdf
Foundry sand
Herbicide isoproturon
Photo-Fenton
degradation
Mineralization
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
93
100
10.22059/ijer.2015.878
878
Experimental Design for Removal of Fe(II) and Zn(II) Ions by Different Lactic Acid Bacteria Biomasses
A. Sofu
aytulsofu@sdu.edu.tr
1
E. Sayilgan
2
G. Guney
3
Department ofChemical Engineering, Suleyman DemirelUniversity, 32260 Isparta, Turkey
Department ofEnvironmental Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey
Department ofEnvironmental Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey
This paper investigates the removal of iron and zinc from aqueous solution with dairy wastewaterin three different biomasses such as Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp bulgaricus (Lb-12), Streptococcus thermophillus(STM-7) and a combination of both this bacteria culture (YC-380) and the optimization of removal efficiencyusing MINITAB program. A full 23 factorial design of experiments was applied to determine the optimumconditions of removal of Fe(II) and Zn(II) from aqueous solution. The three tested factors were biomassconcentration (5-15 g/L), pH (3-9), and temperature (20-40 °C). The optimum biomass concentration, pH andtemperature were found to be 15 g/L, 9 and 20 °C, respectively. Under optimal value of process parameters, 90-100% Fe(II) and 70-90% Zn(II) removal were obtained with all tested biomasses. Removal results indicated thata combination of both this bacteria might be a promising biomass alternative to ST-M7 and Lb.12 in removingZn(II) and Fe(II) ions from waters.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_878_0549c95e77f529076786682b8d2423a2.pdf
Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp bulgaricus
Streptococcus thermophillus
Removal
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
101
108
10.22059/ijer.2015.879
879
ANovelMethod for Ultra Trace Measurement of Bentazon Based on Nanocomposite Electrode and Continuous Coulometric FFTCyclicVoltammetry
P. Norouzi
norouzi@khayam.ut.ac.ir
1
B. Larijani
2
F. Faridbod
3
G.R. Ganjali
4
Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry,University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology&MetabolismMolecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University ofMedical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology&MetabolismMolecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University ofMedical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry,University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry,University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology&MetabolismMolecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University ofMedical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
In this work, a novel electrochemical technique is presented for determination of Bentazonusing a nanocomposite based sensor and Continuous Coulometric Fast Fourier transformation cyclicvoltammetry (CCFFTCV). In this method, the sensor response is in coulomb and is calculated based onintegrating charge changes under the current voltammogram in selected potential range. The new sensor wasconstructed using MWCNT mixed with ionic liquid and reduced graphene oxide on a SiC NPs modified carbonionic liquid electrode. The experimental conditions were then optimized. The modified electrode has goodelectrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of Bentazon. The presence of the nanoparticles enhanced theelectrochemical signal which increased the sensitivity of the sensor. Moreover, the proposed sensor exhibits goodaccuracy, the response time less than 7s, with good repeatability (R.S.D value of 2.3%) and long term stability.The linear concentrations range of Bentazon was from 1–150 nM with a detection limit of 2.5±0.01×10-10 M.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_879_faf517d47497ad099d130e4366be65c7.pdf
Bentazon
FFT cyclic Voltammetry
MWCNT
Reduced Graphene oxide
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
109
116
10.22059/ijer.2015.880
880
Accumulation ofAluminiumby Plants Exposed toNano- andMicrosized Particles of Al2O3
M. Asztemborska
asztemborska@biol.uw.edu.pl
1
R. Steborowski
2
J. Kowalska
3
G. Bystrzejewska-Piotrowska
4
Isotope Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, University ofWarsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096Warsaw, Poland
Isotope Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, University ofWarsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096Warsaw, Poland
Faculty of Chemistry, University ofWarsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093Warsaw, Poland
Isotope Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, University ofWarsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096Warsaw, Poland
Accumulation of aluminium by plants exposed to nano- and microsized particles of Al2O3 wasinvestigated in terms of risk assessment and possible application in phytoremediation of contaminated sites.Four plant species (Allium cepa L., Zea mays, Lepidium sativum and Kalanchoe daigremontiana)were cultivatedon media (soil or liquid medium) contaminated with nano- and microparticles of Al2O3. Bioavailability ofaluminium in the soil was studied using water and EDTA extraction. Total amounts of aluminium in plants andsoil extracts were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. All investigated plantsaccumulated aluminium and its concentration depended on the concentration of Al2O3 in the growth mediumand the particle size. The most effective uptake and transport of aluminium was observed for Al2O3nanoparticles. The highest content of aluminium was found in roots of plants. The extent of aluminiumaccumulation by plants was species-specific. The highest transfer factors were obtained for Zea mays cultivatedon liquid medium supplemented with the lowest concentration of NPs. It was found that the nanoparticlessediment easily, but are still available for uptake by plants. Our studies give a perspective for future developmentof phytoremediation techniques of contaminated soils and waters.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_880_2a044cb6721c3113491e0c23ab47c46d.pdf
nanoparticles
Microparticles
Aluminium oxide
Bioacumulation
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
117
132
10.22059/ijer.2015.881
881
Climatology ofCyclones and TheirTracking over Southern Coasts ofCaspian Sea
M. Molanejad
mmolanezhad@yahoo.com
1
M. Soltani
2
A. Ranjbar SaadatAbadi
3
C.A. Babu
4
M. Sohrabi
5
M.V. Martin
6
Iranian Research Organization for Science andTechnology (IROST), Tehran, Iran. IORA- Regional Center for Science and Technology Transfer, Tehran, Iran
Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Iran
Atmospheric Sciences andMeteorological Research Center (ASMERC) of I. R. of IranMeteorological Organization (IRIMO), Tehran, Iran
Department ofAtmospheric Sciences, CochinUniversityof Science andTechnology, Cochin 682 016, India
Department of Biological andAgricultural Engineering, University of Idaho, Boise, ID 83702,USA
Centre for Oceans, Rivers,Atmosphere and Land Sciences (CORAL), Indian Institute ofTechnology, Kharagpur, India
The southern coasts of Caspian Sea is subjected to synoptic/mesoscale weather systemsranging from locally enhanced sea breeze formation and small local front systems to synoptic scale cyclones.This study presents climatology of cyclones over the southern coasts of Caspian Sea covering a ten year period1996-2005. Altogether 57 cyclones were formed during the ten year period. Anoticeable seasonality is observedin evolution of cyclones over the entire Caspian region, a majority of the 57 cyclones (73.7%) were developedduring winter and fall seasons while the remaining (26.3%) occurred during spring and summer seasons.Most ofthe cyclones were of low intensity, out of 57 cyclones observed during the ten year period 16 (28%) were deepdepressions and 24 (42.1%) were cyclonic storms. Altogether 5 super cyclonic storms were observed during theperiod, out of which 4 were observed during winter and fall seasons. Mid-tropospheric, large-scale processes andlocal features were responsible for the initial development of all weather systems. The Mediterranean Sea playsa significant role in cyclogenesis and propagation of the systems the Caspian region. Further, a Mediterraneancyclonic system formed during October 2001 was studied in detail using backward trajectory Lagrangian model:Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT). The HYSPLIT model outputs confirmedthe observed synoptic features for the weather system of the case study.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_881_7cad772c5b1949f2475b0606a6fc3bd8.pdf
High-pressure systems
Mid-latitude cyclones
Moisture convergence
HYSPLIT
Tracking
North of Iran
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
133
140
10.22059/ijer.2015.882
882
Life Cycle Assessment of Phosphorus Sources from Phosphate ore and urban sinks:Sewage Sludge and MSWIncineration fly ash
Y. Kalmykova
yuliya@chalmers.se
1
U. Palme
2
S. Yu
3
K. Karlfeldt Fedje
4
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg,Sweden
Department of Energy and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg,Sweden
Sino-Carbon Innovation &Investment Co., LTd, Beijing, P.R.China
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg,Sweden
Urban sinks accumulate phosphorus and other elements and may serve as sources of secondaryraw materials. This paper evaluates phosphorus sources based on their environmental impact. In a life cycleassessment (LCA) the conventional production was used as a yardstick against which tomeasure the performanceof two recycling options: spreading of sewage sludge and phosphorus recovery from municipal solid wasteincineration fly ash (MSWA). When compared as three gate-to-gate processes, the sludge spreading had thelowest potential environmental impact, except in the impact categories eco- and human toxicity. In the future, thesludge spreading could potentially outperform the conventional process also with regard to toxicity, provided itsHg and Cu content can be reduced. Phosphorus extracted from the MSWA had the highest impact, except inrelation to eutrophication. The benefits of avoiding the conventional production were greater than the sludgerecycling impacts for all categories except toxicity. When conventional production is substituted by the MSWArecycling, the eutrophication and land-use impacts are avoided, while the impacts in other categories areconsiderable. The development needs identified for this method include substitution of HCl, reduced waterconsumption, and reduction of the product’smetal content. Solutions to all of these challenges have been proposedand are currently being tested.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_882_55d629b3fad79b99238d7327cd2e4008.pdf
Urban mining
Environmental Impact
Life cycle assessment
Recycling
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
141
150
10.22059/ijer.2015.883
883
The Role ofAlien Polychaetes along theAlexandria Coast, Egypt
M.M. Dorgham
mdorgham10@hotmail.com
1
R. Hamdy
2
OceanographyDepartment, Faculty of science,Alexandria University, 21511Moharrem Bey, Alexandria, Egypt
OceanographyDepartment, Faculty of science,Alexandria University, 21511Moharrem Bey, Alexandria, Egypt
The alien polychaetes are widely distributed in the whole Mediterranean Sea as well as in theEgyptian waters. The objective of this study is to highlight the distribution and abundance of the alienpolychaetes along the Alexandria coast, their contribution to the total polychaete community and the changesthey caused in the community structure. Through monthly sampling polychaetes were collected at four sitesof different ecological characteristics During June 2005 - May 2006 from hard substrates at 0.5-1m depth andfrom soft bottom of the intertidal zone. Ten alien species were recorded from the study area, five of them(Linopherus canariensis Langerhans, 1881, Loimia medusa Savigny in Lamarck 1818, Syllis schulzi Hartmann-Schröder 1960, Phyllodoce longifrons Ben-Eliahu 1972 and Leodice antennata Savigny in Lamarck, 1818)werefound for the first time in the Egyptian waters. Six species were widely distributed in the study area demonstratingconsiderable different count on both the spatial and temporal scales, with total count fluctuating between 10- 18810 ind/m2 (individual/m2), constituting 14.3% - 45.5% of the total polychaetes and peaks occurring indifferent times at the sampling sites. Syllis schulzi and Pseudoneries anomala were the major components,accounting for 53.4 and 41.5% of the alien polychaetes, and of pronouncedly less contribution was Linopheruscanariensis (3.8%), in addition to occasional active contribution of Hydroides elegans and Loimia medusa,which displayed at times up to 22% and 19% respectively at some sampling sites.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_883_189e4b934c777c796184ca03df7d0fc2.pdf
Mediterranean taxa
exotic species
invasive polychaetes
Pseudonereis anomala
Syllis schulzi
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
151
156
10.22059/ijer.2015.884
884
Environmental Education in Iranian school Curriculum,Acontent analyses of Social Studies and science textbooks
B. Salmani
1
R. Hakimzadeh
hakimzadeh@ut.ac.ir
2
M. Asgari
3
S.A. Khaleghinezhad
4
Faculty of Psychology and Education,Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
Faculty of Psychology and Education,Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran. Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Faculty of Psychology and Education, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
Department of Curriculum Studies,Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
The present study has been carried out with the aim of content analysis (CA) of newly-preparedtextbooks for social studies and science of the sixth grade based on the three environment education grounds, i.e.ecology, environment, and human activity. It is of CAand descriptive nature. The statistical population was all thesixth grade textbooks pages and the statistical sample was equal to the statistical population. The ShannonEntropy Method has been employed for the CA. The analysis unit has been the textbook pages (texts, images,questions, and exercises). The components and indexes for the concept of Environment education based on thestudy literature and sources and their validity have been confirmed by environment and education authorities.The results show that the highest frequency in the content of these textbooks is allocated to ecology, humanactivities and environment, respectively. Furthermore, human activities and environment are more prominent inthe science textbook rather than the social studies ones, although ecology is more obvious in the latter. In termsof informational load and importance in these textbooks, ecology, environment, and human activitywere themaingrounds for the environment education, respectively. In sum, in these textbooks the three aforementioned groundshave not been presented parallel to each other and some modifications to the content of these textbooks arerequired to make them more understandable for the Iranian students.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_884_ecf906e09a30f8e8e9c6a84665879f85.pdf
Environment education
School textbooks
Content analyses
Shannon entropy
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
157
162
10.22059/ijer.2015.885
885
Biodegradation of Poly(ester urethane)s by Bacillus subtilis
A. Nakkabi
1
M. Sadiki
2
M. Fahim
mo.fahim@yahoo.fr
3
N. Ittobane
4
S. IbnsoudaKoraichi
5
H. Barkai
6
S. El abed
7
Laboratory ofMolecular Chemistry and Natural Substances University of Sciences Moulay Ismail, BP 11201,Meknès,Morocco
Laboratory ofMicrobial Biotechnology. Faculty of Science and Technology, Fez, Morocco
Laboratory ofMolecular Chemistry and Natural Substances University of Sciences Moulay Ismail, BP 11201,Meknès,Morocco
Laboratory ofMolecular Chemistry and Natural Substances University of Sciences Moulay Ismail, BP 11201,Meknès,Morocco
Laboratory ofMicrobial Biotechnology. Faculty of Science and Technology, Fez, Morocco
Laboratory ofMicrobial Biotechnology. Faculty of Science and Technology, Fez, Morocco
Laboratory ofMicrobial Biotechnology. Faculty of Science and Technology, Fez, Morocco
Polyurethanes (PURs) are polymers that can be generated by a step-growth polyadditionreaction of diisocyanates with polyols. The number of well-developed chemical procedures applicable to theirmanufacture, and the diversity of chemical structures in which polyurethanes can be built, account for thewidespread use of these materials in the last few decades for both domestic and technical applications due toits excellent mechanical and thermal properties and their high resistance to the climatic changes. Nevertheless,its high resistance to degradation in aqueous media or bymicroorganism constitutes not only a great disadvantagefor its use as material in medical applications (vascular grafts, artificial heart diaphragms, valves, catheters…)but also as one of the sources of the pollution of the environment. In this work, we report the degradation ofa commercial poly (ester-urethane) by microorganisms isolated from cedar wood. This is the first study thatdemonstrates the degradation of polyurethane by isolated microorganisms from wood. Analyses were carriedout by Infrared spectroscopy.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_885_e90b943efc9d870f515b6d10d3e98dd5.pdf
Biodegradation
Bacillus subtilis
Polyurethane
Infrarouge
Impranil DLN
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
163
178
10.22059/ijer.2015.886
886
Comparative Baseline Levels of Heavy Metals and Histopathological Notes in Fish Fromtwo Coastal Ecosystems of South-West of Spain
M.D. Galindo-Riaño
1
M. Oliva
milagrosa.oliva@uca.es
2
J.A. Jurado
3
D. Sales
4
M.D. Granado-Castro
5
F. López-Aguayo
6
Department of Chemistry. Sciences Faculty(Universityof Cadiz), 11510 Puerto Real Cadiz, Spain
Department Biology. Marine and Environmental Sciences Faculty (University of Cadiz), Campus deExcelencia Internacional delMar (CEIMAR), Puerto Real (Cadiz), Spain
Department of Chemistry. Sciences Faculty(Universityof Cadiz), 11510 Puerto Real Cadiz, Spain
Department of Environmental Technologies. CACYTMAR.Andalusia Centre ofMarine Sciences and Technology. Faculty ofMarine and Environmental Sciences. University of Cadiz, 11510 PuertoReal, Cadiz, Spain
Department of Chemistry. Sciences Faculty(Universityof Cadiz), 11510 Puerto Real Cadiz, Spain
Department of Earth Sciences. Faculty ofMarine and Environmental Sciences. University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real,Cadiz, Spain
This work reports the comparative study of heavy metal water concentrations fromtwo coastal ecosystems ofCadizGulf (SWSpain): Bay of Cadiz and Ria ofHuelva estuary in samplestaken on years 1999-2000. Sampling zones showed different heavymetal levels. Statistical analysisof dissolved trace metal concentrations (Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) showed significant differences betweenHuelva and Cadiz zones based on the Cu level, with a marked seasonal factor and different metalsources (Industrial, geological, urban,...), observing a higher Cu concentration in Ria de Huelvarespect to Bay of Cadiz. On the other hand, to evaluate the pollutant effects on aquatic biota, ahistopathological analysis have been conducted in specimens of flat fish, Solea senegalensis fromboth zones. Lesions weremore severe in fish fromRia ofHuelva, being themost significant alterations:gill hyperplasia, fusion of secondary lamellae, disorganization of the hepatic parenchyma, cellularhypertrophy and vascular congestion in liver and tubular occlusion, loss of interstitial tissue andlipid-like vacuoles in kidney. Obtained results are useful as reference data for future environmentalmonitoring studies in these zones where to establish a heavy metal concentration temporal trendwould be necessary.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_886_3c5921f6dcdaaa8b5b49874fa4c86041.pdf
Histopathology
Sole
Heavymetals
Seawater
estuary
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
179
186
10.22059/ijer.2015.887
887
Sources, Vertical Fluxes and Accumulation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Sediments from the Mandovi Estuary, west Coast of India
S. Veerasingam
1
P. Vethamony
mony@nio.org
2
P. Vethamony
3
R. Mani Murali
4
M.T. Babu
5
CSIR – National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa - 403 004, India
CSIR – National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa - 403 004, India
CSIR – National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa - 403 004, India
CSIR – National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa - 403 004, India
CSIR – National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa - 403 004, India
The Mandovi estuary is highly influenced by mining and tourism related activities in the centralwest coast of India. Vertical fluxes and accumulation of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) in three sedimentcores (D1, C1 and OG) from the Mandovi estuary were assessed using Ultra-Violet Fluorescence (UVF)spectroscopy. The range of PHCs values in estuarine sediments varied from 5.4 to 12.34 μg/g Enrichment ofPHCs values in the upper parts of three sediment cores were mostly derived from terrestrial and marinerelated sources including petrogenic (discharge of land based effluents and petroleum products), pyrogenic(emission of fly ash from industries and vehicles and combustion of petrol from ore-filled barges, boats andships) and biogenic (mangrove vegetation along the banks of the estuary) sources. The significant positiverelationship between mud (silt + clay) and PHCs unveiled that high specific surface of area of mud contentraise the level of petroleum hydrocarbons. Cluster analysis was used to discriminate the sediment samplesbased on their degree of contamination. Values of PHCs in the upper part of sediment cores were distinctlyhigher than the background but were lower than those found in the Thane creek, west coast India (7.6–42.8μg/g) and off Chennai, east coast of India (1.8 – 39.72 μg/g). This baseline PHCs data can be used for regularecological monitoring and effective management for the mining and tourism related activities in the Mandoviestuary.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_887_a6b1dec61c467100578b1fb5cd97c8a5.pdf
Petroleum hydrocarbon
core sediment
Pollution
mining
Mandovi estuary
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
187
196
10.22059/ijer.2015.888
888
Leaching ofMetals, Organic Carbon and Nutrients fromMunicipalWaste under Semi-Arid Conditions
H. Iqbal
hamid_nust@yahoo.com
1
M. Anwar Baig
2
M. Usman Hanif
3
S. Usman Ali
4
M. Flury
5
Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences,Washington StateUniversity, Puyallup,WA98371, USA
A large portion of municipal waste, disposed in landfills, is organic in nature. This organicmaterial starts decomposing soon after the disposal in landfills. The decomposition leads to the generation ofin situ leachate, and this leachate can contain substantial amounts of contaminants. Under arid conditions,leachate is solely generated by waste decomposition, as little input of external water occurs due to rain. Theobjective of this study was to characterize the in situ leachate from typical waste streams in Pakistan. Wecollected fresh municipal solid wastes typical of household, mixed, and restaurant waste, and analyzed theleachates for volume and water quality parameters. The wastes released up to 30% of their initial moisture asleachate and the leachate contained metals, organic carbon, and nutrients at concentrations many times higherthan the environmental water quality standards for waste water discharge. As landfill leachate in Pakistan isusually not contained or collected, the in situ leachate is a source of surface and ground water contamination.Methods have to be developed and implemented to prevent leaching of contaminants into underlying soils andsediments, and subsequently into ground and surface waters.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_888_74a3e128817c897929dd93514814e7f2.pdf
Waste
leachate
Settlement
DOC
moisture
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
197
204
10.22059/ijer.2015.889
889
FiniteAnalyticMethods for Simulation ofAdvection-Dominated and Pure Advection SoluteTransportWith Reaction in PorousMedia
M. Ardestani
ardestan@ut.ac.ir
1
M.S. Sabahi
2
H. Montazeri
3
Graduate Faculty ofEnvironment,University of Tehran, P.O.Box 14155-6135, Tehran, Iran
Graduate Faculty ofEnvironment,University of Tehran, P.O.Box 14155-6135, Tehran, Iran
Department ofMechanical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto,Ontario, Canada,M5S 3G8
The transport of dissolved contaminants in groundwater is usually described by the advectiondispersion equation with reaction. Several numerical methods for solving the one-dimensional are availableincluding finite difference methods, finite volume methods, and finite element methods. Stringent conditions,such as small Peclet (Pe) and Courant (Cr) numbers, must be satisfied to ensure the accuracy and stability ofthe numerical solutions. The practical finite analytic (PFA) method was applied to the solution of two solutetransport problems: 1- One-dimensional advection–dispersion equation with reaction under advectiondominatedconditions, and 2- One-dimensional pure advection equation with reaction. A triangular explicitPFA (EPFA) spatial-temporal computational molecule was developed. The EPFA solutions were comparedwith solutions from the quadratic upwind differencing (QUICK) scheme. For both cases, the EPFA solutiongives accurate results as long as the Courant (Cr) was close to one. Stability analysis shows that the EPFAmolecule is always stable for high Pe number.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_889_c2d188bbc39a8a54316cc71a9f691b16.pdf
Advection-dominated transport
Explicit practical finite analytic methods (EPFA)
QUICK scheme
Refined QUICK solution (RQS)
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
205
212
10.22059/ijer.2015.890
890
Bioaccumulation of Lead, Cadmium and Mercury in Roe Deer and Wild Boars from Areas with Different Levels of Toxic Metal Pollution
M. Durkalec
maciej.durkalec@piwet.pulawy.pl
1
J. Szkoda
2
R. Kolacz
3
S. Opalinski
4
A. Nawrocka
5
J. Zmudzki
6
Department of Environment, Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Jozefa Chelmonskiego 38C, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The National Veterinary Research Institute, Aleja Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
Department of Environment, Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Jozefa Chelmonskiego 38C, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
Department of Environment, Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Jozefa Chelmonskiego 38C, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The National Veterinary Research Institute, Aleja Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The National Veterinary Research Institute, Aleja Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
We used wild boars and roe deer as biomonitors of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg)contamination in two major industrial sites in Poland with different levels of toxic metal pollution. MasurianLakes District, located far away from industry, was used as the reference site. Levels of Pb, Cd, and Hg in liver,kidney and muscle samples and in the stomach content of the animals were determined using atomic absorptionspectroscopy (AAS) methods. We calculated also the mean concentration factors in the animal tissues versustheir concentration in the gastric or rumen content. Our results indicate that area affected by metal smeltingwas more contaminated than brown coal mining area and the reference site, as indicated by higher levels of Pband Cd in tissues and stomach contents of the animals. High levels of those metals in the offal of game animalsmay pose a threat to consumers of venison.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_890_c3ad6eb7a5f83022661876569a45a2e7.pdf
bioaccumulation
Roe deer
Wild boar
Toxic metals
concentration factor
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
213
224
10.22059/ijer.2015.891
891
Characterization andmetals fractionation of street dust samples fromTehran, Iran
M. Salmanzadeh
1
M. Saeedi
msaeedi@iust.ac.ir
2
L.Y. Li
3
Gh. Nabi-Bidhendi
4
Graduate Student, School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Iran
School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Iran. Department of Civil Engineering, TheUniversity of British Columbia, Canada
Department of Civil Engineering, TheUniversity of British Columbia, Canada 4Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Iran
Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Iran
Fifty street dust samples were collected from Southern and Eastern parts of Tehran, the capitalof Iran. Samples were collected during summer under dry and stable weather conditions. Total concentrationsof copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn)and lithium (Li) were determined. Ten samples were then selected for characterization, metals fractionationand single stage extraction studies. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) were utilized tostudy the crystalline forms of metals and chemical compositions. In addition, sequential and single extractionprocedures were used to determine the concentrations of six heavy metals (i.e. Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni and Zn), andalso the mobility and bioavailability of elements. The risk assessment code (RAC) and IPOLLwere employed forthe risk assessment and pollution intensity of metals, respectively. Results showed that the single extractionprocedure could be used to estimate the total concentrations of most metals as an appropriate alternative fortotal digestion. The mobility and potential availability of metals in Tehran street dust followed the order of Cd> Zn > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cr. The risk assessment code results showed high risk for Pb, Cd and Zn and lowmediumrisk for Ni, Cr and Cu, and correlated positively with IPOLL result.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_891_9c4083bce35d06ffd0a94a7a0c4f03db.pdf
Heavy metals
Risk
Sequential extraction
Single extraction
IPOLL
dust
Tehran
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
225
232
10.22059/ijer.2015.892
892
Efficacy of Lignocellulolytic Fungi on the Biodegradation of Paddy Straw
J. Viji
jkviji1983@gmail.com
1
P. Neelanarayanan
2
Centre for Eco-friendlyAgro-Technologies (Vermibiotechnology),ResearchDepartment ofZoologyNehru MemorialCollege (Autonomous), Puthanampatti – 621 007, TiruchirappalliDistrict,Tamil Nadu, India
Centre for Eco-friendlyAgro-Technologies (Vermibiotechnology),ResearchDepartment ofZoologyNehru MemorialCollege (Autonomous), Puthanampatti – 621 007, TiruchirappalliDistrict,Tamil Nadu, India
Paddy straw is one of the most abundant agricultural by-products in Tamil Nadu, India. Itcontains high amounts of cellulose and lignin. The fungal strains were isolated from naturally decomposingsites of paddy straw. Eight fungal strains were isolated and later these eight fungi were used for finding outtheir potential for the degradation of lignin and cellulose content of paddy straw. Among eight fungi tested,three fungal strains showed lignocellulolytic activities. Hence, these three fungal strains were used for thedecomposition of paddy straw both individually as well as in various combinations. Inoculation of theselignocellulolytic fungi in paddy straw accelerated the process of paddy straw decomposition when comparedto control. Significant reduction in lignin and cellulose content were observed in paddy straw inoculated withmixed culture of R. oryzae + A. oryzae + A. fumigatus compared to other experiments. Mixed culture of threefungal strains reduced C:N ratio to 10:1 compared to 70:1 in paddy straw mixed with soil. A significantincrease was also observed in macro nutrients of the compost harvested from E8 experimental trays. It isevident from the results that the mixed culture of all the three lignocellulolytic fungi may be used for thedegradation of paddy straw. Hence we conclude that combination of three lignocellulolytic fungi viz.,R. oryzae,A. oryzae and A. fumigatus can be recommended for the degradation of paddy straw which would result inproduction of good quality compost containing higher amounts of total nitrogen (1.55±0.03%), total potassium(1.57±0.01%) and total phosphorus (1.48±0.17%) content.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_892_acff47ac080898b0df57b53a84931e65.pdf
Rhizopus oryzae
Aspergillus oryzae
Aspergillus fumigates and macro nutrients
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
233
246
10.22059/ijer.2015.893
893
DeterminingOptimalGrowth Conditions for theHighest BiomassMicroalgae Species inLithuanian Part of theCuronianLagoon for furtherCultivation
O. Anne
olga.anne@ku.lt
1
D. Bugajev
2
J. Koreiviene
3
Klaipeda University, H. Manto Str. 84, LT-92294 Klaipėda, Lithuania
Klaipeda University, H. Manto Str. 84, LT-92294 Klaipėda, Lithuania
Nature Research centre,Akademijos Str. 2, LT-08412Vilnius, Lithuania
Anthropogenic eutrophication conditioned frequent and more pronounced blooms of toxicalgae and cyanobacteria in the fresh and saline aquatic ecosystems all world around. However, bloomingspecies could serve as a possible resource instead of a threat by exploiting them to remediate nutrients. Theoptimised use of algae and cyanobacteria may provide the environmental service together with economicbenefit that could be obtained from their biomass. The aim of this study was to identify microalgae speciesfrom Curonian Lagoon that could be prospective candidates for cultivation in Lithuania, and statisticallydetermine how the accumulation of their biomass correlated with the changes in environmental conditions,using five years monitoring data. Five species, frequently acquiring a much larger biomass (up to 70 mg/L) over other species, were identified: Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Planktothrix agardhii, Actinocyclusnormanii f. subsalsus, Diatoma tenuis and Stephanodiscus rotula. The optimal cultivation conditionswere proposed based on results of the analysis and the potential their biomass applications are discussed.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_893_e71cc5342e7ded686724d74d02627276.pdf
Curonian Lagoon
Microalgae
Environmental condition
Hydrochemistry
nutrients
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
247
254
10.22059/ijer.2015.894
894
Solid Phase Extraction of Some Lanthanide Ions by Functionalized SBA-15 fromEnvironmental Samples
A. Kavosi
1
F. Faridbod
faridbodf@khayam.ut.ac.ir
2
M.R. Ganjali
3
Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry,University ofTehran, Tehran, Iran
Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry,University ofTehran, Tehran, Iran
Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry,University ofTehran, Tehran, Iran
In this research, nanoporous silica (SBA-15) was physically functionalized using2-(2-nitrobenzylideneamino) guanidine compound. This functionalized SBA-15 was utilized as a new sorbentfor separation and preconcentration of some lanthanide ions. Inductively coupled plasma optical emissionspectrometry (ICP-OES) was used as a detection technique. The preconcentration factor of the method is 100and detection limit of this technique is obtained 2.9 ng/mL for Dy3+, 1.6 ng/mL for Eu3+, 8.4 ng/mL for Nd3+,3.8 ng/mL for Sm3+ and 2.5 ng/mL for Yb3+ ions. The time and optimum amount of the sorbent, pH effect,presence of other ions on extraction condition were also tested. The maximum capacity of 5 mg functionalizedSBA-15 was found to be about 155.2 μg for Sm3+, 131.2 μg for Yb3+, 128.1 μg for Nd3+, 143.3 μg for Eu3+,140.6 μg for Dy3+ ions. The method was successfully applied for preconcentration and determination of theselanthanides in some natural water samples.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_894_c63d9286ea4456386d8d60449773495c.pdf
Lanthanides
Solid phase extraction
Functionalized nanoporous silica
SBA-15
Inductively
coupled plasma emission spectrometry
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
255
262
10.22059/ijer.2015.895
895
Influence The USE of Pesticides in The Quality of Surface and Groundwater Located IN Irrigated Areas of Jaguaribe, Ceara, Brazil
M.A.L. Milhome
maria.milhome@nutec.ce.gov.br
1
P.L.R. Sousa
2
F.A.F. Lima
3
R.F. Nascimento
4
Nucleus Foundation of Industrial Technology of Ceara-NUTEC, R. Rômulo Proença S/N, Pici, CEP:60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara, R. Humberto Monte S/N, Pici, CEP: 60455-700 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
Nucleus Foundation of Industrial Technology of Ceara-NUTEC, R. Rômulo Proença S/N, Pici, CEP:60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara, R. Humberto Monte S/N, Pici, CEP: 60455-700 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
The irrigated area of Jaguaribe, Ceara, Brazil is considered important region of agribusiness ofthe country due to the installation of various fruit exporting companies. The present work has as main objectiveinvestigate twelve types of pesticides (molinate, atrazine, methyl parathion, malathion, chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion,pendimenthalin, triazophos, bentazone, azoxystrobin, propiconazole, difenoconazole) used in the region to assessthe level of contamination of waters used for potable and irrigation.Analysis of pesticides were performed usingchromatographic techniques (SPME-GC/MS and SPE-HPLC/DAD) through methodologies validated accordingto parameters recommended by ABNT. Among the 60 water samples, 48 were positive for at least one of thetwelve active ingredients studied. Fungicides propiconazole and difenoconazole were detected more frequently.The total pesticide levels ranging from 0.11-17.30 μg/L were detected in the samples. The levels detected insurface and groundwater were lower than the limits established in Brazil, but 80% of the samples analyzed wereabove total pesticide levels established by the European Community (>0.5 μg/L). Prolonged exposure to pesticidescan cause adverse effects to human health and the aquatic ecosystem
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_895_afc8d2ff3fbe6dc2a0b6ace587faaf45.pdf
Contamination
Pesticides
Surface water
Groundwater
Chromatography
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
263
272
10.22059/ijer.2015.896
896
MicrobiologicalAssessment of the BiofilterMatrixWithin a Biofiltration systemTreating Borehole water in KwaZulu-Natal (SouthAfrica)
L.S. Beukes
1
S. Schmidt
schmidts@ukzn.ac.za
2
Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
To assess the microbiological status of a biofiltration system used to treat borehole water, filtermatrix samples were analyzed after staining for the presence of active biofilms using confocal laser scanningmicroscopy (CLSM). CLSM revealed the presence of biofilms on the filter matrix with actively metabolizingmicrobial cells present. Thereafter, heterotrophs,manganese oxidizing bacteria (MOB) and iron oxidizing bacteria(IOB) present in the biofilms were quantified. For heterotrophs a count of 2.9×107 cfu/g was established usingR2A agar while counts for presumptive MOB and IOB were established as 2.4×107 cfu/g and 3.1×107 cfu/grespectively. In addition, a clone library was established using DNAextracted from a pooled filter matrix sampleto assess the diversity of bacteria present within the biofilter matrix. A total of 100 randomly selected cloneswere separated into 14 unique operational taxonomic unit (OTU’s) based upon restriction patterns of amplifiedpartial 16S rRNA genes. Overall, 38% of the clones were assigned to the phylum Proteobacteria, 13% to thephylum Actinobacteria, 24% to the phylum Firmicutes, 21% to the phylum Nitrospirae and 4% to the phylumVerrucomicrobia.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_896_fc87f8f35ccbf3cd2dae3b74339190b1.pdf
Biofiltration system/ biofilm / CLSM/microbial counts/16S rRNA gene clone library
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
273
280
10.22059/ijer.2015.897
897
Biodegradation ofPolybrominated DiphenylEthers inLiquidMedia and Sewage Sludge by Trametes versicolor
M. Vilaplana
1
C.E. Rodríguez-Rodríguez
carlos.rodriguezrodriguez@ucr.ac.cr
2
E. Barón
3
M. Gorga
4
M. Sarrà
5
G. Caminal
6
E. Eljarrat
7
D. Barceló
8
ChemicalEngineering Department and Institute of Environmental Science and Technology,Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Engineering School, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
Institute ofAdvanced Chemisty of Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC). JordiGirona18-26, 08034 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
Department ofEnvironmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, JordiGirona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
Department ofEnvironmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, JordiGirona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
ChemicalEngineering Department and Institute of Environmental Science and Technology,Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Engineering School, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
Institute ofAdvanced Chemisty of Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC). JordiGirona18-26, 08034 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
Department ofEnvironmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, JordiGirona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
Department ofEnvironmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, JordiGirona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) are widely employed as flame retardants and constitutea group of emerging pollutants of high persistence. The degradation of different PBDE commercial mixtures(penta-, octa- and deca-BDE) by the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor under aerobic conditions wasstudied. This work demonstrates the capacity of T. versicolor to degrade three different PBDE commercialmixtures in aqueous phase, obtaining final removal efficiencies of 87±6, 85±13 and 67±7% for deca-, pentaandocta-BDE mixtures (and minimal degradation of 73±5, 38±13, and 28±7%), respectively. The intracellularenzymatic complex cytochrome P-450 is proposed as the enzyme involved in the first step of deca-BDEdegradation by T. versicolor. In an effort to assay the application of the fungus in real contaminated matrices,the study successfully demonstrated the ability of T. versicolor to degrade pre-existent deca-BDE fromsewage sludge in a solid-phase treatment, reaching 86% elimination at the end of the process. The findingssupport the potential use of the ligninolytic fungus in bioremediation of PBDE.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_897_eb559327efc5c603d1a3cc4ce3ebfc59.pdf
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers
White-rot fungi
degradation
Transformation product
Sludge
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
281
290
10.22059/ijer.2015.898
898
AgriculturalLand Conversion in Northwest Iran
A.A. Barati
baratialiakbar@yahoo.com
1
A. Asadi
2
K. Kalantari
3
H. Azadi
4
F. Witlox
5
Department ofAgricultural Development and Management, University of Tehran, Iran
Department ofAgricultural Development and Management, University of Tehran, Iran
Department ofAgricultural Development and Management, University of Tehran, Iran
Department of Geography, Ghent University, Belgium
Department of Geography, Ghent University, Belgium
Agricultural Land Conversion (ALC) has been introduced as one of the most important factorsaffecting ecosystem. This type of conversion has led to several challenges in agricultural development andhuman life. Monitoring ALC plays a crucial role when dealing with such challenges. The main objective of thisstudywas to monitor the trend ofALC in theQazvin province located in Northwest Iran from 1990 to 2010 usingremote sensing data. The results showed that 44,845 ha of agricultural lands (3.03%of the total agricultural landsof the province) were converted to non-agricultural lands, of which, 32,033 and 10,243 ha (2.16% and 0.69% oftotal agricultural lands of the province), were respectively transformed to saline lands and urban areas andinfrastructures. Our projection for 2030 shows that among other uses, the conversion of agricultural lands to thesaline lands and urban areas and infrastructures will stay most likely. However, the conversion probability forirrigated and orchard lands to urban areas and infrastructures will be more than the saline lands while theconversion probability for dry and rangelands to the saline lands will be more than urban areas and infrastructures.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_898_54714c77ff1fc909ebd83bec72c13896.pdf
agriculture
Land conversion
Land Use Change
climate change
Iran
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
291
294
10.22059/ijer.2015.899
899
Study of SoilPollutants inOmdurman IndustrialArea, Sudan, Using X-ray Fluorescence Technique
I.H. Ali
ismathassanali@hotmail.com
1
A.A. Ateeg
2
Department ofChemistry, College of Science,King Khalid University,Abha, P. O. Box 9004, Kingdom of SaudiArabia
Department ofChemistry, College of Science,King Khalid University,Abha, P. O. Box 9004, Kingdom of SaudiArabia
In this work X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique was used to evaluate the soil pollution withheavy metals for twenty four surface soil samples (0–10 cm in depth) from various locations to cover theindustrial area in Omdurman city, Sudan. Concentrations of 10 elements Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, Pb, Rb, Co, Cd andAs were determined. It was found that Cr, Cu and Cd concentrations for almost all studied sites are greaterthan the normal values, while most the Ni, Zn, Co, As and Pb concentrations are lower than the normal values.Some of the concentrations of As are greater than the normal values. The elemental concentrations werecompared with the normal values and other studies in different locations from the world. The correlationbetween elements appears that pollution inside the investigated area results from different sources ofcontamination present inside it. The results establish a database reference of radioactivity background levelsaround this region.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_899_895236f97b85e77ecb7590c279189b62.pdf
XRF
Heavy metals
Surface soil
Industrial area
Omdurman
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
295
302
10.22059/ijer.2015.900
900
Observing Urban SoilPollution UsingMagnetic Susceptibility
A. Aydin
1
E. Akyol
eakyol@pau.edu.tr
2
PamukkaleUniversity,Dept. ofGeophysical Engr., 20070, Denizli, Turkey
PamukkaleUniversity, Dept. ofGeological Engr., 20070,Denizli, Turkey
Pollution of urban soils dramatically reduces life and environmental quality. The most commonpollutants are heavymetals and organic contaminants like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinatedbiphenyl. Main source of these pollutants is fossil fuels which are pervasive in urban and/or industrializedareas. Identifying type and intensity of the pollution is essential to prepare an effective hazard mitigationplan. The study has been focused on the determining the distribution of pollutants in Denizli city center. Themagnetic susceptibility measurements and chemical analysis are performed at several locations. The lowfrequency magnetic values are differing significantly over the study area. They are concentrated at the northernand southeastern parts of the study area. The spatial distribution of the PLI proved that the industrial areashowed very high anomalous. They mainly come from magnetic particle sources in the area. Scattering patternsof Fe, Pb, Cu, Cr andNi are compatiblewith the susceptibilitymaps and the topography.The highest concentrationof Ni, Cr, Pb and Cu oxides elements are observed near the major roads and close to the industrial enterprises inthe northern part of the city. High correlations are documented between low frequency magnetic susceptibilityand Fe, Si, Pb and Cr. The method can effectively be employed for monitoring the urban soil pollution.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_900_49453556fd7c67646418421163df2c87.pdf
Heavy metals
Magnetic susceptibility
Pollution
Denizli
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
303
308
10.22059/ijer.2015.901
901
Rehabilitation ofAbandoned open Excavation forBeneficial use of the pit Lake at Nyala Magnesite Mine
S.E. Mhlongo
emmanuel.mhlongo@univen.ac.za
1
F. Amponsah-Dacosta
2
University of Venda, School of Environmental Sciences, Department of Mining and Environmental Geology, Private Bag X 5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa
University of Venda, School of Environmental Sciences, Department of Mining and Environmental Geology, Private Bag X 5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa
Abandoned surface mine excavations can be a major environmental, social and/or human healthproblem for the mining industry as well as for the community living nearby. This problem is exacerbated by therapidly growing population encroaching on areas of historic mined lands. The aim of this studywas to assess thesafety status of the historic Nyala Mine excavation with the purpose of coming up with rehabilitation options thatpromote the beneficial use of the pit lake. The study involved characterisation of the abandoned excavationthrough field description,modelling of both the geometry of the pit and the flow of surface runoff in to the pit, andchemical analysis of the pit lake water. A survey of the pit landscape showed pit walls of up to 22m high with aslope angle ranging from 10° to 30°. The pit was found to be accumulating runoff water from high grounds alongthe northern part of the excavation. Pit water was found to be alkaline (pH ±9.6), with F- (±1.1 ppm), Cl-(±169.6 ppm),Mg2+ (±67.85 ppm) andK+ (±87.16 ppm) concentrations that were all above the standards permissible for domestic use. This study demonstrated that beside backfilling of oldmines excavations; rehabilitation techniques that transform lifeless landscapes into prosperous ones, with beneficial end uses can be considered.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_901_5de2247e5d33d72e7f13040d6605d49d.pdf
Mine Pit Lake
Nyala Mine
Abandoned mines
Public safety
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
309
316
10.22059/ijer.2015.902
902
PhytoremeDiation ofHeavyMetalsContaminated Environments: Screening forNativeAccumulatorPlants inZanjan-Iran
G. Saba
1
A.H. Parizanganeh
h_zanganeh @znu.ac.ir
2
A. Zamani
3
J. Saba
4
Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, 45371-38791, Zanjan, Iran
Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, 45371-38791, Zanjan, Iran
Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, 45371-38791, Zanjan, Iran
Department of Plant breeding, Faculty ofAgriculture,University of Zanjan, 45371-38791,Zanjan, Iran
Environmental pollution with heavy metals is a global struggle. Phytoremediation is an effectiveand low-cost technology for refinement of polluted soils. This research was conducted in Zanjan province(located in North West Iran) where metallurgical industries are developed quickly. In this study, based on theheavy metals contamination of soil in the studied area six sampling sites were selected taking into account theindustrial distributions as well as the low/high traffic congestions. Leaves from eight tree species namely:Populus nigra, Ulmus pumila, Fraxinus excelsior, Robinia pseudoacacia, Acer hyracanum, Salix alba, Thujaorientalis, and Cupressus sempervirens var arizonica, were sampled and analyzed by ICP-OES (SpectroGenesis) for their heavy metal contents (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb). Results showed that heavymetals in stations close to the lead and zinc smelting industrial complexes are much higher than averageshowing a high correlation with their respective metal concentrations in soils. This clearly indicates that heavymetal contents in tree leaves in the studied area are solely related to industrial activities notably NationalIranian Lead and Zinc (NILZ) as well as Zinc Specialized Industrial Complex (ZSIC) companies. Based on theresults, the studied native plants accumulate different metals selectively and Populus nigra was found to bethe best accumulator plant for Mn, Zn and Cd, Thuja orientalis, as the best phytoextractor for Fe, andCupressus sempervirens var arizonica is the best species among the studied native plants for accumulation ofPb.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_902_5144331ef2f3396d2e88763e7404295a.pdf
Heavy metals
Phytoremediation
Lead and Zinc industries
Zanjan Province
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
317
322
10.22059/ijer.2015.903
903
Application of Modified Clays in Geosynthetic Clay Liners for Containment of Petroleum Contaminated Sites
S. Gitipour
itipour@ut.ac.ir
1
M.A. Hosseinpour
2
N. Heidarzadeh
3
P. Yousefi
4
A. Fathollahi
5
Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, P.O.Box 14155-6139, Tehran, Iran
Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, P.O.Box 14155-6139, Tehran, Iran
Faculty of Engineering, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, P.O.Box 14155-6139, Tehran, Iran
Faculty of Engineering, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
In this research, hydraulic and sorption behavior of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) withordinary and modified clay exposed to crude oil were studied. Both modified and ordinary bentonites wereinvestigated to evaluate crude oil adsorption efficiency on the liners. Because soil permeability exposed tocrude oil is a major parameter in measuring the contaminants migration in soils, the permeability tests wereconducted on the clays. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were also carried out to evaluate the adsorption ofcrude oil by bentonites. Following the tests, results of XRD analysis for modified bentonite samples indicatedan average 63.2% interlayer increase after their exposure to the crude oil while that of ordinary bentonite wasrelatively insignificant (0.5 %). In case of permeability tests, modified bentonites showed much lowerpermeability values (5.2 × 10-9 cm/s) compared to ordinary bentonites (1.2 × 10-6 cm/s) when exposed tocrude oil, hence denoting the viability of modified clays, instead of ordinary clays as GCLs materials atpetroleum contaminated sites.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_903_3d18ced97929d32cb5cb54cf61496bd0.pdf
Geosynthetic Clay Liners
Crude oil
Modified bentonites
Permeability
X-ray diffraction analysis
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
323
332
10.22059/ijer.2015.904
904
TemporalTrends ofMetal Extractability in Calcareous soilsAffected by Soil Constituents andMetal Contamination Levels
A. de Santiago-Martín
anasanti@ucm.es
1
J.R. Quintana
2
I. Valverde-Asenjo
3
A.L. Lafuente
4
C. González-Huecas
5
Département deGénie civil et Génie des eaux. Faculté de Sciences. Université Laval. Pavillon Adrien-Pouliot. 1065Avenue de laMédecine. Québec (Québec). G1V 0A6. Canada
Departamento de Edafología. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Complutense deMadrid. Plaza Ramón yCajal s/n. 28040.Madrid. Spain
Departamento de Edafología. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Complutense deMadrid. Plaza Ramón yCajal s/n. 28040.Madrid. Spain
Departamento de Edafología. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Complutense deMadrid. Plaza Ramón yCajal s/n. 28040.Madrid. Spain
Departamento de Edafología. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Complutense deMadrid. Plaza Ramón yCajal s/n. 28040.Madrid. Spain
The role played by soil constituents in governing temporal trends of metal mobility in calcareousMediterranean soils deserves special attention due to the particular soil and climate characteristics. Reactionsoccurring during the aging modify the metal mobility over time, and the rate of metal application and type ofsoil can be decisive in the outcome of aging reactions in soils. The aim of the present work was to investigatethe role that both metal dose and soil constituents play in temporal trends of (potential) metal mobility in soilsoffering a natural gradient of carbonate and whose remaining soil constituents differed. Soil samples werespiked with a mixture of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn at two levels and then left aging for 12 months incubation. Metalswere extracted at different time intervals (1 day, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months) with one-step extraction methods toestimate immediate metal mobility (NaNO3) and potential metal mobility (diethylene triamine pentaaceticacid –DTPA–). At both levels of contamination, NaNO3-extractable Cd, Cu and Zn concentration valuesreached equilibrium within the period of incubation. Temporal trend of immediate metal mobility was governedby carbonate fraction for Cd and Cu and by the finest carbonate fraction for Zn. In the case of potential metalmobility, DPTA-extractable metal concentrations did not reach equilibrium within the incubation time. In thiscase, the combined action of carbonate, organic, Fe-oxide and clay fractions were decisive to define thedifferent temporal trends observed for each metal and level.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_904_17f120e389752335fa0b444d2110f642.pdf
Calcareous Soils
Incubation experiment
Metal mobility
Soil properties
Temporal trends
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
333
340
10.22059/ijer.2015.905
905
All Solid State Graphene Based Potentiometric Sensors forMonitoring of Mercury Ions inWasteWater Samples
M.R. Ganjali
ganjali@khayam.ut.ac.ir
1
F. Faridbod
2
N. Davarkhah
3
S.J. Shahtaheri
4
P. Norouzi
5
Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry,Faculty of Chemistry,University of Tehran,Tehran, Iran
Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry,Faculty of Chemistry,University of Tehran,Tehran, Iran
Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry,Faculty of Chemistry,University of Tehran,Tehran, Iran
Departments of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, and Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry,Faculty of Chemistry,University of Tehran,Tehran, Iran
In this work, all-solid-state potentiometric PVC membrane sensor was introduced for fast andsimple monitoring of mercury ions in waste water samples. The all solid sate electrode is made based on aconductive composite of graphite, reduced graphene oxide, epoxy resin on a copper wire. A thin layer PVCmembrane is then coated on the surface of the new conducting transducer. PVC membrane is composed of 30%PVC, 62% NPOE as plasticizer, 3% ionic liquid, and 5% Hg2+ ion imprinted polymer (IIP). The sensing elementof the sensor is an artificial host which is imprinted by vinyl pyridine and a suitable cross-linker. The sensorshows a Nernstian response of 29.4±0.3 mV/decade. Dynamic linear range of the sensor is 1.0×10-8-1.0×10-3mol/L of the mercury concentration and detection limit of 3.2×10-9 mol/L. The interference of different ionicspecies with the response of the electrode shows a good selectivity of the proposed sensor. The proposed sensoris successfully applied in determination of mercury ions in some waste water samples.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_905_84e2528b1aec4f726f5b5e33e461e772.pdf
All solid state
mercury
Potentiometry
sensor
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
341
350
10.22059/ijer.2015.906
906
Deoxygenation andReaeration Coupled hybridMixing cells Based Pollutant Transport Model to Assess water Quality Status of a River
M.V. Kumarasamy
kumarasamy@ukzn.ac.za
1
Civil Engineering Programme, School of Engineering, University ofKwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, SouthAfrica
Prediction of spatial and temporal variation of water quality is vital for managing pollutantsdisposal into the rivers. Depletion of dissolved oxygen (DO) takes place due to the consumption of oxygen bymicrobes to digest bio-degradable pollutants which enter a water course. Reaeration takes place in a specificrate depending on DO deficit. Many investigators have formulated models as an alternative to the FickianModel for the advection dispersion pollutant transport. Since Streeter-Phelps research on BOD-DO modeling,many researchers have studied fate of pollutant considering first order reaction along with only advection. TheStreeter-Phelps dispersion model includes deoxygenation and reaeration along with advection and dispersionand which has been solved by defining an axillary variable relating DO deficit and BOD concentration. Thusthis paper considered first order decay and reaeration along with advection and dispersion to simulate spatialand temporal variation of DO concentration using a hybrid mixing cells model. The proposed model has beensuccessfully applied for a hypothetical flow conditions and the River Brahmani, India. River flow requirementand regulation for pollutant disposal with pre-treatment were optimized using the responses of proposedmodel for this River. This research analyzed the selected river reach using proposed model having a particularflow and channel characteristics and found that release of 1180m3/s from Rengali Dam is required to avoidpollution problem. However, in absence of this flow at least 50% of pretreatment pollutants are requiredbefore released into river Tikira.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_906_63fc0cf8afb8b479d898bb560d059e4f.pdf
Decay
Reaeration
DO Deficit
Water Quality Modelling
River Brahmani
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
351
362
10.22059/ijer.2015.907
907
ANewMethod forZoning ofCoastalBarriersbased onHydro-geomorphological andClimateCriteria
E. Sánchez-Badorrey
elenasb@ugr.es
1
I. Jalón-Rojas
2
Dep. Mec. Est. e Ing. Hidráulica – Instituto delAgua, University of Granada, Spain. Instituto del Agua, c/ Ramón yCajal, 4,Granada 18071, Spain
Dep. Mec. Est. e Ing. Hidráulica – Instituto delAgua, University of Granada, Spain. Instituto del Agua, c/ Ramón yCajal, 4,Granada 18071, Spain
This paper presents a new methodology for the zoning of littoral sand barriers on the basis oftheir groundwater dynamic responses to the local mean water level (MWL) climate. The method is based onthe comparison of the characteristic scales of the horizontal drainage and recharge processes. Using theBoussinesq equation and basic hydro-geomorphological parameters, this methodology identifies the climaticevents that markedly affect the groundwater dynamics across the barrier, along with the location of the mostaffected cross sections. The application of the methodology to the Mar Menor sand barrier shows that asignificant number of cross sections can be particularly vulnerable to the effects of local storm events typicalof the Mediterranean coast during the spring and winter seasons. The location of the affected cross sections isanalyzed as a function of both the local MWL forcing and hydrogeological parameters. This case studyhighlights the possible use of the proposed methodology for land use planning and the environmentalmanagementof coastal sand bars.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_907_376ca090fe089c0343894001f85118dd.pdf
Coastal sand barriers
Environmentalmanagement
Climate
Zoning criteria
Hydro-geomorphology
Groundwater
Mar Menor lagoon
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
363
372
10.22059/ijer.2015.908
908
Photocatalytic Removal of O- Nitro Phenol fromWastewater by Novel an Eco-friendlyMagneticNanoadsorbent
D.S. Shirsath
1
V.S. Shrivastava
drvinod_shrivastava@yahoo.com
2
NanochemistryResearch Laboratory,G.T.Patil College,Nandurbar-425412, (M.S.), India
NanochemistryResearch Laboratory,G.T.Patil College,Nandurbar-425412, (M.S.), India
Phenols are toxic organic compounds and which badly affects the flora and fauna of thebiosphere because phenols are persistent pollutant found in wastewater from many industries. In presentresearch article the photocatalytic removal of O-Nitro Phenol by synthesized Magnetic Nanoadsorbents(MNA) carried out under photocatalytic reactor. The MNA were synthesized by Co-precipitation methodrequired short period of time. The photocatalytic reactor manually assembled in the laboratory. The U.Virradiation found to be effective. The different parameters have been studied like initial concentration of ONitroPhenol, temperature, contact time, adsorbent dose and pH.The effective removal of O-Nitro Phenol byMNA at optimum pH 1.5 to 2.5. The employed MNA was characterized by SEM (Scanning Electronmicroscopy), XRD (X-ray Diffraction) and FTIR (Fourier Transfer Infrared Spectroscopy). The Presentremoval study well fitted for Friendlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm. A kinetics and equilibrium studieswere also carried out by using MNA. In this experimental research the desorption study of MNA also showsgood results, reusability of MNA were possible.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_908_ebcc2327733d3f8928e8cf577d8c89e9.pdf
O-Nitro phenol
Magnetic nanoadsorbents (MNA)
photocatalytic
Flora-fauna
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
373
384
10.22059/ijer.2015.909
909
Investigating NaturalPhysicalAdsorption ofOilContent byMangroves, A field-scale study
S. Partani
s_partani@ut.ac.ir
1
R. Ghiassi
2
A. Khodadadi Darban
3
M. Saeedi
msaeediei@iust.ac.ir
4
School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran Enghelab St., PO box 43516-66456, Tehran,Iran
School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran Enghelab St., PO box 43516-66456, Tehran,Iran
Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Faculty School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
Mangroves are one of the main important species which have critical function in ecologicalprocesses in the coastal habitats. Recent studies have focused on long term effects such as biological andchemical responses and reactions of ecosystems. In this research, short term response of Avicennia marina’spneumatophores as one of substantial parts of mangroves has been considered while facing the oil slick in tidalwaves. Factorial experimental design was conducted considering three factors, each one in two levels in bothspring and winter seasons, separately. Experiments were carried out in the north coastline of the Persian Gulfwhere one of the mentioned species habitat in the NaybandNatural National Park of Iran is located. Experimentalevidences on the studied blocks were investigated by experimental analysis, accurately. Results revealed themain effective factors which can raise the damages of oil spill in the mangroves habitat through oil adsorptionon the pneumatophores. Investigations showed the concentration level of the main significant factors that canaffect the adsorption process. The second significant factor on physical adsorption is retention time, alsoknown as contact time. Tests results indicated that adsorption in winter is generally more than that in spring.No significant effect of day or night time on the physical oil adsorption by pneumatophores was traced.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_909_c4acfda44737f2fd1a6a564ed5a37ce7.pdf
Physical adsorption
oil content
Mangrove
Oil spill
Pneumatophore
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
385
394
10.22059/ijer.2015.910
910
An IndexApproach toMetallic Pollution in RiverWaters
T. Nasrabadi
tnasrabadi@ut.ac.ir
1
Assistant professor, Graduate faculty of environment, University of Tehran, Iran
Twenty water samples from a river system in southern Caspian Sea basin werecollected and analyzed for physicochemical parameters and metals (Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, Ni andMn). In order to evaluate the risk potential of metal pollution in river water, use of two indicesnamely heavy metal pollution index (HPI) and contamination index (Cd) accompanied by clusteranalysis was taken in to consideration. Stations located within the upstream of the river (1 to 13)seemed to encounter low risk potentials while the downstream stations (14 to 20) approved tohold higher risks.The results also showed relativelymeaningful correlation among different metalswhich may be attributed to their same entry source, mainlymining and quarrying activities in thecentral parts of the basin following bymunicipal and industrial wastewater discharge to the riverin downstream. The convergence of both indices in this study was also of interest. Although themean values of both indices were below the critical values, severe precautions must be taken intoconsideration especially in the stations holding high risk potentials. Extreme use of river waterfor drinking, agriculture and industrial purposes within the water basin, relatively biota-richcharacteristic of the river and Caspian Sea as the final sink of the river are among the most significantreasons that make the river monitoring implementation inevitable.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_910_ccf5f5452c058f1b07f736bb335b3f11.pdf
Heavymetal
Index
Risky pollution
River water
eng
University of Tehran/Springer
International Journal of Environmental Research
1735-6865
2008-2304
2015-01-01
9
1
395
404
10.22059/ijer.2015.911
911
Effects ofWaste Lime Sludge on Nitrogen Dynamics and Stability ofMixed Organic waste UsingRotary DrumComposter
V.S. Varma
svarma2010@gmail.com
1
K. Ramu
2
A.S. Kalamdhad
3
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of TechnologyGuwahati, India
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of TechnologyGuwahati, India
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of TechnologyGuwahati, India
Feasibility of waste lime sludge (LS) obtained from acetylene gas production industry wasstudied during co-composting of vegetable waste for enhanced volatile solids reduction. Four different trialswere carried out with varying percentage of LS combinations i.e. trial 1, trial 2, trial 3 and trial 4. Increasedaddition of waste LS raised the levels of pH in the compost, thereby volatizing the nitrogen as ammonia in trial3 and 4. However, appropriate addition of LS in trial 2 increased the microbial activity and resulted in highervolatile solids reduction (22.1%) which was found double fold increase when compared to trial 1, where 11%VS reduction was observed. Hence, with proper combination of waste materials and addition of LS, a maximumtemperature of 66.5 and 61.4o C was observed in trial 1 and 2 respectively. Temperature level above 50o C formore than 4 to 7 days was observed during the process, thus satisfying the regulatory requirements for PFRP(Process to Further Reduce Pathogens). Therefore, the present study concluded that appropriate amount ofLS addition increased the organic matter reduction drastically. However in trial 3 and 4, where 2 and 3%addition of LS were not appreciable in terms of proper degradation and stability at the end of compostingperiod.
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_911_fb74453635c3e01add0e28283457d7bd.pdf
Lime sludge
Vegetable waste
Nitrogen dynamics
Volatile solids
stability