p. 361−366
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p. 367−380
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p. 381−390
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Mn (91.66%) >Zn (72.72%) > Cu (52.63%).The annual average elimination of soluble elements of iron(Fe), manganese(Mn),
zinc(Zn) and copper(Cu) from Gorganrood river to Caspian Sea decreases from 1040.68, 59.1498, 302.26, 263.64 tons per year to 27.75, 124.88, 83.255, 124.88 tons per year, respectively. According to the cluster analysis, parameters such as salinity, temperature, electrical conductivity, Eh and suspended solid materials do not have any impact on flocculation of elements. The only parameter that influences the flocculation of elements is the pH. This research illustrates that estuarine processes are effective mechanisms in self- purification of heavy metals from water resources. Metal speciation studies that are carried out by Eh-pH software show that studied metals are present as solid (in case of Cu), free ions (Fe and Mn) and finally hydroxides (Zn).]]>
p. 391−398
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p. 399−408
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p. 409−416
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p. 417−424
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p. 425−434
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p. 435−442
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Oxisol > Alfisol > Inceptisol. The soil sorption coefficient K and the soil organic carbon sorption coefficient Koc are the basic parameters used for describing the environmental fate of the herbicides. In top soil the calculated K values were 5.43, 3.35, 9.41, 11.73; Koc values were 1086.00, 1288.46, 1191.14, 771.71 and Kc values were 9.05, 33.5, 20.02 and 36.66 from Alfisol, Inceptisol, Oxisol and Vertisol respectively. Field experimental plots with no previous history of anilofos were selected and studied the degradation of anilofos in top soil collected from Alfisol and Inceptisol. The halflife of anilofos in topsoil from Alfisol : T1- 3.17 days and T2 3.67 days and in Inceptisol: T1-3.91 days and T2 - 4.55 days . The degradation of anilofos followed first order kinetics. Anilofos persisted for a longer duration
in Inceptisol than in Alfisol. The combination of degradation data (t1/2- soil) and organic carbon based sorption (Koc) data of herbicides have been used to assess the pesticide environmental impact in soils through Gustafson Ubiquity Score (GUS). The GUS values were found to be 0.48 in top soil from alfisol and 0.53 in inceptisol.]]>
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p. 457−466
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p. 467−474
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p. 493−498
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p. 499−508
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p. 509−518
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p. 519−530
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p. 531−536
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p. 537−546
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p. 547−556
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p. 557−564
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p. 565−570
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p. 571−576
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