Phytoplankton Development in a Highly Eutrophic man-made Lake From the
Pampa plain of Argentina – a functional Approach
C.
Fernández
CONICET-BB-IADO (Argentine Institute of Oceanography), CC 804, Camino La Carrindanga km
7.5, B8000FWB Bahía Blanca, Argentina
author
E.J.
Cáceres
Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of South, San Juan 670,
B8000ICN Bahía Blanca, Argentina
author
E.R.
Parodi
CONICET-BB-IADO (Argentine Institute of Oceanography), CC 804, Camino La Carrindanga km
7.5, B8000FWB Bahía Blanca, Argentina,
Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of South, San Juan 670,
B8000ICN Bahía Blanca, Argentina
author
text
article
2014
eng
The phytoplankton structure and dynamics were analysed in relation to abiotic variables inPaso de las Piedras Reservoir, Argentina. Phytoplankton driving forces were explored using a functionalapproach. A total of 15 functional groups were identified among which D, P, H1, F, J and C were the mostimportant. A Canonical variate analysis indicated that the categorization of the species in functional groupsand its relationship with the temporal species clustering was not a random result. In the redundancy analysis, temporal ordination dynamics of functional groups was well described by the distribution of samples. Remarkable shifts in composition and biomass of phytoplankton occurred in agreement with changes in temperature, N:P ratio and transparency. The group succession could be summarized as: P/J (early summer)→P/ H1 (late summer)→P (early autumn)→P/F (late autumn)→C (early winter)→D (late winter)→Y (early spring)→D (early spring)→P (late spring). The majority of the associations detected were typical of eutrophichypertrophic systems. With the exception of H1, the groups that most contribute to biovolume were those characteristics of mixed aquatic environments, i. e., non-stratifying lakes or deep, well-mixed epilimnia of stratifying lakes. The diversity indices, in terms of functional groups, were low, meaning that a small number of traits were present and/or that there was an inequitable distribution.
International Journal of Environmental Research
University of Tehran/Springer
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v.
1
no.
2014
1
14
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_689_35e8b58e50010855726ecdd205015695.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijer.2014.689
Assessment of Air Quality in two Different Urban Localities
M.
Al-Harbi
Department of Environmental Technology Management, College for Women, Kuwait University,
P. O. Box 5969, Kuwait, Safat 13060, Kuwait
author
text
article
2014
eng
This study assesses the air quality of two urban localities, Fahaheel and Al-Rabia City, to assistlocal authorities to generate information supporting the planning of pollution control strategies to keeppollutants within safe limits in the long run. In terms of diurnal and seasonal variations, almost all measured pollutants exhibited two peaks: one in the morning and another in the afternoon. These two peaks resulted from numerous activities (schools, open stores, traffic, restaurants and markets, and central heating) practiced in these two cities during associated peaks hours. Nevertheless, there were noteworthy differences in air pollutants’ magnitude (values) between the two cities. There were a number of exceedances of KUEPA air quality threshold values in both urban localities; the highest numbers were in NMHC and the lowest numbers were in O3 and CO. No exceedances were found in SO2 in Al-Rabia City. In an attempt to identify the most probable sources of air pollution, concentration roses were plotted for annual durations for both Fahaheel and Al-Rabia. Furthermore, the Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) model was developed to quantify the contribution of each prevalent source to measured emission concentration. Results show that the main emission sources in Fahaheel were petroleum downstream facilities and highway traffic, which accounted for 69% and 17%, respectively. In Al-Rabia City, highway traffic and the area’s commercial activity accounted for 79% and 13%, respectively.
International Journal of Environmental Research
University of Tehran/Springer
1735-6865
8
v.
1
no.
2014
15
26
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_690_b9dbb00a5dae0acf94a19900899c22a7.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijer.2014.690
Overall Assessment of Indoor Conditions in a School Building:
an Italian Case Study
V.
De Giuli
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
author
C.M.
Pontarollo
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
author
M.
De Carli
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
author
A.
Di Bella
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
author
text
article
2014
eng
Current standards for indoor comfort are based on studies of adults, but they also apply tochildren, even though children differ in terms of metabolic rates, clothing types, activity levels, and preferences in space arrangement. Children are also more sensitive to a range of environmental factors, they are usually unable to interact with their environment, and they accept indoor conditions passively. This study aims to extend research into indoor environmental quality (IEQ) for children by providing analysis, measurements and surveys carried out in an Italian primary school. Continuous monitoring was combined with a detailed spot monitoring campaign, during which pupils completed a questionnaire so that subjective and objective evaluations could be compared. Thermal comfort was also evaluated by comparing pupils’ sensations based on the two most common approaches: the heat balance and adaptive comfort models. Tests revealed that there was no clear, uniform correspondence between subjective response and acoustic and thermal measurements. Children reacted actively to discomfort, suggesting that they should be allowed to interact with their environment. Building acoustics were also measured in order to evaluate the insulating properties of building elements. The following tests were conducted: façade sound insulation, sound insulation of the vertical and horizontal partitions between classrooms, and the impact levels between overlapped classrooms. Reverberation time and background noise were measured in unoccupied, furnished classrooms after school hours. Impulse response and Speech Transmission Index (STI) measurements were also performed in one classroom.
International Journal of Environmental Research
University of Tehran/Springer
1735-6865
8
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1
no.
2014
27
38
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_691_c05a602f0bbb7fb42b894b87a8c30082.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijer.2014.691
Exergy Analysis of a Flat Plate Solar Collector in Combination with Heat Pipe
H.
Kargarsharifabad
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University,
Tehran, Iran
author
M.
Behshad Shafii
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
author
M.
Taeibi Rahni
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University,
Tehran, Iran,
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
author
M.
Abbaspour
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2014
eng
The use of solar collectors in combination with heat pipes is rapidly growing in recent years.Heat pipes, as heat transfer components, have undeniable advantages in comparison with other alternatives. The most important advantage is their high rate of heat transfer at minor temperature differences. Although there have been numerous studies on the heat analysis or first thermodynamic analysis of flat plate solar collectors in combination with heat pipes, the exergy analysis of these collectors is needed to be investigated. In this work, energy and exergy analysis of a flat plate solar collector with a heat pipe is conducted theoretically. Next, the exergy efficiency of pulsating heat pipe flat plate solar collectors (PHPFPSC) is compared with conventional collectors by using the experimental data. The results indicate that the use of heat pipes for heat transfer from the absorption plate to the water reservoir has significantly higher availability and exergy efficiency than the case with conventional collectors with intermediate fluid.
International Journal of Environmental Research
University of Tehran/Springer
1735-6865
8
v.
1
no.
2014
39
48
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_692_2307de3f4caf7d6d68bf7b3d254bdb6f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijer.2014.692
Groundwater Arsenic Contamination and Associated Health Risks
in Bihar, India
S.K.
Singh
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, 1 Normal Ave, 358N ML, Montclair New Jersey, 07043, USA,
Department of Environment and Water Management, A.N. College, Patna, Bihar, India
author
A.K.
Ghosh
Department of Environment and Water Management, A.N. College, Patna, Bihar, India
author
A.
Kumar
Department of Environment and Water Management, A.N. College, Patna, Bihar, India
author
K.
Kislay
Department of Environment and Water Management, A.N. College, Patna, Bihar, India
author
C.
Kumar
Department of Environment and Water Management, A.N. College, Patna, Bihar, India
author
R.R.
Tiwari
Department of Environment and Water Management, A.N. College, Patna, Bihar, India
author
R.
Parwez
Department of Environment and Water Management, A.N. College, Patna, Bihar, India
author
N.
Kumar
Department of Environment and Water Management, A.N. College, Patna, Bihar, India
author
M.D.
Imam
Department of Environment and Water Management, A.N. College, Patna, Bihar, India
author
text
article
2014
eng
The extent of groundwater arsenic (As) contamination and associated health-risks were studiedin the four villages: Chaukia and Terahrasiya (Vaishali); Mamalkha and Masharu (Bhagalpur) in Bihar, India.Groundwater samples were tested using the standard Silverdiethyledithiocarbamate method at 520nm byThermo UV-1 spectrophotometer. The As levels in both the districts exceeded the WHO standard of 10μg/Lfor drinking water with a maximum value of 20μg/L in Vaishali and 143μg/L in Bhagalpur. However, the FAOstandard of 100μg/L of As for irrigation water was only exceeded in Bhagalpur. The calculated range of thehazard index (HI) for Vaishali was 0.9 to 10, and for Bhagalpur was 10.40 to 40.47. Both ranges exceed theaccepted normal toxic HI of 1.00. The cancer risk was derived as 1-5/1000 people to 5-16/10,000 people inVaishali, and 7-21/1000 and 5-16/1000 people in Bhagalpur. Prevalence of skin pigmentation was double inVaishali in comparison to Bhagalpur. The analysis of principal components showed that only two componentshad a fundamental role in defining variance for cancer risk assessment. A more extensive screening of Ascontamination of groundwater and a follow-up clinical study are necessary to accurately assess the likelihoodof As-related cancers in these districts.
International Journal of Environmental Research
University of Tehran/Springer
1735-6865
8
v.
1
no.
2014
49
60
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_693_5ae32fcc8196790459fc7d4c3523037c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijer.2014.693
Water and Wind Erosion Risk in Natural Parks –A Case Study in “Las Batuecas–
Sierra de Francia” and “Quilamas” Protected Parks (Central System, Spain)
A.M.
Martínez-Graña
Geology Department, External Geodynamics Area, Science Faculty, University of Salamanca,
Plaza Merced s/n, (37008), Salamanca, Spain
author
J.L.
Goy
Geology Department, External Geodynamics Area, Science Faculty, University of Salamanca,
Plaza Merced s/n, (37008), Salamanca, Spain
author
C.
Zazo
National Museum of Natural Sciences, Section Geology, Street José Gutiérrez Abascal No. 2.
(28006), Madrid, Spain
author
text
article
2014
eng
This paper presents a mapping procedure for risk mapping of water and wind erosion, whichhelps to identify protective measures needed in the planning and management of natural parks. The map of water erosion risk was developed by combining the original and revised universal soil loss equation methodologies (USLE-RUSLE), and the map of wind erosion risk was developed using Quirantes’ method. Using GIS techniques allows parametric characterisation of the factors involved in the processes of soil degradation. The validation procedure was carried out in two natural parks in the Spanish Central System. Integration of the two maps resulted in a risk map of water and wind erosion. This mapping shows a high risk of water erosion in areas of high slopes and elevations with little agricultural activity and undulating reliefs. The risk of wind erosion is lower in sectors with analytical and textural high erodibility and low vegetation cover.
International Journal of Environmental Research
University of Tehran/Springer
1735-6865
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1
no.
2014
61
68
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_694_92f2ea7f46c5e6887aa3860e73279670.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijer.2014.694
Identification of Optimum Outfall Location for Desalination Plant in the
Coastal Waters off Tuticorin, India
P.K.
Dinesh Kumar
CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Cochin, 628 021. India
author
K.R.
Naveen Kumar
CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Cochin, 628 021. India
author
K.R.
Muraleedharanan
CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Cochin, 628 021. India
author
text
article
2014
eng
Behaviour of the dilution characteristics of the coastal waters off Tuticorin is presented in thebackground of setting up of a desalination plant. Simulations of dispersion and spreading of the proposeddischarges has been carried out. Scenarios of dilutions were assessed based on the results of a 2D model using the advection-dispersion theory. It is observed that under prevailing currents in the region, the dispersion of the discharge will be advected away as a combined plume. Ambient conditions are found achieved in close proximity zones within the discharge location and thus there will not be any changes in the water quality in the adjacent coastal waters. Model validation results showed that the values are well in agreement with the observed values. It is suggested that the offshore waters at a distance of 2 Km away from the coastline could be considered as optimum where the environmental impact on the ecosystem due to the disposal operations is considered to be minimum.
International Journal of Environmental Research
University of Tehran/Springer
1735-6865
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1
no.
2014
69
78
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_695_4e2ca466a0d0b4254188eaba57524002.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijer.2014.695
Laboratory Determination of Water Retention Characteristics and Pore
size Distribution in Simulated MSW Landfill Under Settlement
K.P.K.
Jayakody
Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Kyushu University, 744
Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
author
T.
Shimaoka
Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Kyushu University, 744
Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
author
T.
Komiya
Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Kyushu University, 744
Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
author
P.
Ehler
Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Kyushu University, 744
Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
author
text
article
2014
eng
To examine how water retention characteristics in a landfill environment change as a result ofsolid waste settlement and to derive the evolution of pore size distribution, a lab scale long column experiment was carried out at two different time periods while keeping all the other characteristics constant. Two columns, Column 1 and Column 2, were used in the study. The log normal distribution model was applied to model the experiment data. The Column 1 was used to obtain the water retention curve at time 0 day and the Column 2 at time 180 day. During the experiment period, landfill settlement was mainly in the primary stage of settlement. Pore size distribution was obtained by assuming that the capillary theory is applicable in the landfill environment. The results showed that water retention characteristics in solid waste landfill environment is varied with time and influenced by landfill settlement due to the changes in pore spaces. The obtained results will be taken into consideration when simulating unsaturated leachate and gas flow in municipal solid waste landfill environment.
International Journal of Environmental Research
University of Tehran/Springer
1735-6865
8
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1
no.
2014
79
84
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_696_f09138772e3c254e464323b74ffb5a4d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijer.2014.696
Thermodynamic and Environmental Impact Assessment of Calcium Oxide
Formation in Clinker Production
F.A.
Boyaghchi
Faculty of Engineering, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2014
eng
In this research, energetic andexergetic analysis of calcium oxide formation, CO2 emissions, andenvironmental effects during the clinker production process in rotary kilnare investigated. First the energy and exergy analysis of rotary kiln were carried out according to the first and second law of thermodynamics based on dead state, respectively. Consequently, the amount of CO2 emissions associated with calcination and fuel combustion processes, improvement potential and sustainability index are determined. In this system, the energy efficiency is calculated to be higher than the exergy efficiency, e.g. 53.4% and 28.6% for the energy and exergy efficiencies. The exergy destruction due to irreversible calcination and fuel combustion processes is determined 33,884 kW which is 40.6% of inlet exergy. Results also shows that 18.4% of exergy input is lost by exhaust hotgases.Thetotalemissions are estimated 157,228 kg/hr, which 31.3 % of it isdue tocalcination and 0.9 % of it is due to fuel combustion. The improvement potential (IP) and sustainability index (SI) are calculated 24,193.176 kWand 1.4, respectively.
International Journal of Environmental Research
University of Tehran/Springer
1735-6865
8
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1
no.
2014
85
92
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_697_1e88c262a00698ea7faf25b5bbed6cbd.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijer.2014.697
Application of Biochemical Tests to Evaluate the Pollution of the Unislaw
Basin soils with Heavy Metals
A.
Bartkowiak
Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology,
University of Technology and Life Sciences, Bernardyńska 6 St., 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland
author
J.
Lemanowicz
Sub-Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, University of
Technology and Life Sciences, Bernardyńska 6 St., 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland
author
text
article
2014
eng
To determine the extent and the size of the environment pollution with heavy metals, biologicalmethods, investigating the enzymatic activity of soil can be applied. Most frequently, the enzymes investigated in the soils threatened with anthropogenic contamination are phosphatases, dehydrogenases as reacting fastest to the increase in the content of heavy metals in the environment. The aim of the paper was to apply the results of the research to the activity of selected oxydo-reducing and hydrolytic enzymes to define the pollution of soils with zinc, copper and nickel of the Unisław Basin, the Kujawy and Pomorze Province. The total contents of Cu, Zn and Ni in the soils of the region allow for classifying the soils as unpolluted with those metals, while the contents of the forms extracted with the DTPA solution point to a low mobility of the elements and to their availability to plants. In terms of the negative effect of those heavy metals on the activity of selected enzymes, they have been ordered as follows: dehydrogenases: Ni>Zn, alkaline phosphatase: Zn>Cu, acid phosphatase: Zn>Cu. The use of enzymatic tests to evaluate the ecochemical condition of soils even with a natural content of heavy metals facilitates the long-term monitoring and identifying the trends.
International Journal of Environmental Research
University of Tehran/Springer
1735-6865
8
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1
no.
2014
93
100
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_698_c2a0843fb485e051b73595ecc9d702e6.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijer.2014.698
From Paper Parks to Real Conservations: Case Study of Social Capital in
Iran’s Biodiversity Conservation
M.
Kolahi
Department of Social Informatics, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
author
T.
Sakai
Department of Social Informatics, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
author
K.
Moriya
Department of Social Informatics, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
author
M.
Yoshikawa
Department of Social Informatics, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
author
R.
Esmaili
Department of forestry, University of lorestan, lorestan, Iran
author
text
article
2014
eng
The proposition that natural areas need protection from the destructive actions of people iswidely accepted. This paper examines Iran’s e-society attitudes and capital towards biodiversity conservationand evaluates economically Iran’s national parks (NPs). 2,121 respondents answered an online questionnaire conducted in summer 2012. The majority of respondents had visited one of Iran’s NPs. Almost all respondents were willing to voluntarily participate in conservation and environmental projects; willing to pay for protection; willing to increase the protected areas; willing to visit the NPs in the future; and they were mostly young. There is a resurgent interest in conservation amongst Iranian citizen scientists. Respondents showed that they could collaborate for resource management. They think ecological problems and solutions are human problems and not simply biological problems. Biodiversity conservation in Iran has been threatened by mismanagement, lack of funds, park-other organization conflict, lack of biodiversity awareness, and lack of public participation. Conservation biologists can help engage Iran’s society in conservation efforts by striving to achieve three goals: adjusting the public’s perception of biodiversity, increasing public participation in biodiversity conservation, and encouraging ecotourism by tour packages to develop conservation and local. Furthermore, the government should see the human and environmental condition as one intricate system. The governor must focus on conservation projects that engage the urban populace and support the goal of developing a biodiversity ethic. It should consider updating management, enhancing environmental educational programs, designing environmental volunteer plans, treating ecotourism tour packages, installing real collaborative principles, and establishing co-management and community-based conservation.
International Journal of Environmental Research
University of Tehran/Springer
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v.
1
no.
2014
101
114
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_699_7ea5811e8639064d180a620cfec52e29.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijer.2014.699
Narrative and Quantitative Analysis of Human Pressure, Land-use and Climate
Aridity in a Transforming Industrial Basin in Greece
L.
Salvati
Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Centre for the Study of Soil-
Plant Interactions (CRA-RPS), Via della Navicella 2-4, I-00184 Rome, Italy
author
A.
Mavrakis
Institute of Urban Environment and Human Resources, Department of Economic and
Regional Development, Panteion University, 136 Syngrou Avenue, GR-17671, Athens, Greece
author
text
article
2014
eng
The present study illustrates the long-term changes in selected socioeconomic variables (population,industrial activities, settlement dispersion, and land-use) together with climate aridity trends in Thriasio, the larger industrial area of Greece located twenty kilometers far from Athens. This region, originally devoted to agriculture, experienced fast industrial and economic development during the early 1990s coupled with growing population. According to statistical data covering the period between 1848 and 2011, human pressure increased rapidly in the area determining drastic changes in land-use. The analysis of climate regimes based on meteorological data collected between 1958 and 2010 also indicate a tendency towards aridity possibly contributing to air pollution, soil degradation and desertification. Without a sustainable land management strategy changes in bio-physical and socioeconomic variables are altering irreversibly the fragile ecological equilibrium leading to ecosystem degradation in a highlypopulated area since millennia.
International Journal of Environmental Research
University of Tehran/Springer
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1
no.
2014
115
122
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_700_b0780a1581a6e5ee1067335e4d15b0b9.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijer.2014.700
Transport of Heavy Metals in Materials With Diameter Analogous
to Xylem Vessels
N.
Oropeza-Garcia
Station expérimentale des procédés pilotes en environnement, École de technologie supérieure,
Université du Québec, Canada, 1100, rue Notre-Dame Ouest, Zip Code H3C 1K3, Montréal,
Québec, Canada
author
R.
Hausler
Station expérimentale des procédés pilotes en environnement, École de technologie supérieure,
Université du Québec, Canada, 1100, rue Notre-Dame Ouest, Zip Code H3C 1K3, Montréal,
Québec, Canada
author
M.
Glaus
Station expérimentale des procédés pilotes en environnement, École de technologie supérieure,
Université du Québec, Canada, 1100, rue Notre-Dame Ouest, Zip Code H3C 1K3, Montréal,
Québec, Canada
author
R.
Vega-Azamar
Station expérimentale des procédés pilotes en environnement, École de technologie supérieure,
Université du Québec, Canada, 1100, rue Notre-Dame Ouest, Zip Code H3C 1K3, Montréal,
Québec, Canada
author
R.
Romero-Lopez
Universidad Veracruzana, Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Lomas del Estadio s/n Zip Code 91000,
Zona Universitaria, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
author
text
article
2014
eng
In vascular plants, the soil solution is transported from the roots to the leaves through smalldiameter vessels found in the xylem; this transport not only allows the nutrient uptake but also the accumulation of heavy metals in their shoots. By analogy to this phenomenon, the present study aimed at the evaluation of heavy metals transport (Pb, Cr, As, Cd, Zn, Ni and Al) in pH 4 and pH 8 solutions using a capillary siphon consisting of small pore diameter materials. Determination of the metal concentration in the solutions was performed by means of Inductively Coupled Plasma. The largest transport of metal ions is produced at pH 4, on ascending order, Cr<Pb=Al<As<Ni<Zn<Cd. Results showed that there is capillary transport of aqueous solutions with heavy metals in materials with pore diameter similar to that found in the xylem of plants. Some authors have argued that there is a remarkable similarity between soil and xylem, which makes possible the soil-plant-atmosphere system continuity; in this sense, the performance of the tested materials should be investigated under similar conditions to those present in the interface soil-xylem in a bid to replicate this continuity.
International Journal of Environmental Research
University of Tehran/Springer
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no.
2014
123
132
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_701_47d061e4dcf8a5c6ad8c2a0499cf0a70.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijer.2014.701
Toxic Metal Distribution in the Core Sediment of Cochin
Estuarine System (CES)
P.
Manju
Department of Chemical Oceanography, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science
and Technology, Kochi-16, Kerala, India
author
P.S.
Nair Akhil
Department of Chemical Oceanography, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science
and Technology, Kochi-16, Kerala, India
author
C.H.
Sujatha
Department of Chemical Oceanography, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science
and Technology, Kochi-16, Kerala, India
author
text
article
2014
eng
This article present the result from a study of two sediment cores collected from theenvironmentally distinct zones of CES. Accumulation status of five toxic metals: Cadmium (Cd), Chromium(Cr), Cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu) and Lead (Pb) were analyzed. Besides texture and CHNS were determined tounderstand the composition of the sediment. Enrichment Factor (EF) and Anthropogenic Factor (AF) wereused to differentiate the typical metal sources. Metal enrichment in the cores revealed heavy load at thenorthern (NS1 ) region compared with the southern zone (SS1). Elevation of metal content in core NS1 showed the industrial input. Statistical analyses were employed to understand the origin of metals in the sediment samples. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) distinguishes the two zones with different metal accumulation capacity: highest at NS1 and lowest at SS1. Correlation analysis revealed positive significant relation only in core NS1, adhering to the exposition of the intensified industrial pollution.
International Journal of Environmental Research
University of Tehran/Springer
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1
no.
2014
133
138
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_702_0ea9b829a86bbc82e459a1683880a24a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijer.2014.702
Effective Parameters on Biodiesel Production from Feather fat oil as a
Cost-Effective Feedstock
M.A.
Abdoli
Graduate faculty Of Environment, Tehran University Tehran, Iran
author
F.
Mohamadi
Graduate faculty Of Environment, Tehran University Tehran, Iran
author
B.
Ghobadian
Dept. Of Mechanics engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran
author
E.
Fayyazi
Dept. Of Mechanics engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran
author
text
article
2014
eng
Using low-cost feedstocks such as rendered animal fats in biodiesel production willreducebiodieselexpenditures. One of the low-cost feedstocksfor biodiesel production could be the fatextracted from poultry feathers producedin slaughterhouses abundantly. This paper describes a new andenvironmentally friendly process for developing biodiesel production technology from feather waste producedin poultry industry. In this research the crude oil of poultry feather fat was extracted by soxhlet method using hexane as a solvent. The data resulted from gas chromatography (GC) revealed these percentages for fatty acid compositions: myristic acid (3%), palmitic acid (30%), stearic acid (22%), oleic acid (8.1%), linoleic acid (3%) and arachidonic acid (7%).In this experimental research, the effects of some parameters such as alcohol to oil molar ratio (4:1,6:1, 8:1), catalyst concentration (0.75,1 and 1.25% w/w) and the transesterification reaction time(40,60 and80min) on the percentage offatty acids conversioninto methyl ester(biodiesel) are studied. The results show increasing catalyst concentration up to 1% causes the oil to biodiesel conversion percentage having an upward trend and then adownward trend byincreasing catalyst concentration up to 1.25%. With increasing molar ratio from 4:1 to 6:1 and then 8:1, oil to biodiesel conversion percentage increased16% and2%, respectively. Ultimatelythe optimum point defined by response surface method (RSM) forproducing biodiesel from feather fat is calculated catalyst concentration of 1 wt%, 7.24:1 molar ratio and in 75 minutes resulting in conversion percentage of97.62%.
International Journal of Environmental Research
University of Tehran/Springer
1735-6865
8
v.
1
no.
2014
139
148
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_703_9adff40c056f3fa77f862e56314179f9.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijer.2014.703
Validation of an Analytical Method Using HPLC for Identification and
Quantification of Aliphatic Acids Present in Effluents
L.E.M.C.
Zaidan
Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor
Moraes Rego, 1235 – Cidade Universitária – Recife- Brazil
author
G.
Guimarães
Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor
Moraes Rego, 1235 – Cidade Universitária – Recife- Brazil
author
L.B.
Santos
Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor
Moraes Rego, 1235 – Cidade Universitária – Recife- Brazil
author
Y.B.
Brandão
Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor
Moraes Rego, 1235 – Cidade Universitária – Recife- Brazil
author
C.M.B.M.
Barbosa
Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor
Moraes Rego, 1235 – Cidade Universitária – Recife- Brazil
author
M.
Benachour
Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor
Moraes Rego, 1235 – Cidade Universitária – Recife- Brazil
author
V.L.
Silva
Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor
Moraes Rego, 1235 – Cidade Universitária – Recife- Brazil
author
text
article
2014
eng
There is a great interest in developing rapid analytical methods and provide appropriate parametersfor quantitative analysis of compounds derived from refractory pollutants. Such methods are important forroutine quality control analysis of an effluent before being discharged into the environment. Therefore, a rapid methodology for identification and quantification of some aliphatic acids is proposed. A method using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis was established for the identification and quantification of six aliphatic acids including: maleic, acetic, fumaric, malonic, succinic, and oxalic acid. Chromatographic separation was performed by a reversed phase C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of methanol and aqueous 0.1% phosphoric acid in a ratio (10:90) ) with a flow of 0.75 mL min-1 in isocratic mode.The calibration curves showed excellent coefficients of determination (R2 e” 0.99) at the concentrations tested. The recoveries were 54.72 to 99.70% for spiked samples. The method is appropriate for the detection of aliphatic acids, which can be applied to monitor the effluent.
International Journal of Environmental Research
University of Tehran/Springer
1735-6865
8
v.
1
no.
2014
149
156
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_704_e7b8483f2b287311ecf980a62df035ba.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijer.2014.704
Dandelion Plants as a Biomonitor of Urban Area Contamination by Heavy Metals
A.
Kleckerová
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in
Brno, Zemědělská 1/1665, CZ-61300 Brno Brno, Czech Republic
author
H.
Dočekalová
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in
Brno, Zemědělská 1/1665, CZ-61300 Brno Brno, Czech Republic
author
text
article
2014
eng
To examine metal content of dandelion plants in relation to environmental metal levels,concentrations of Cd, Hg and Pb were analyzed in plant parts (leaves and roots) and soil samples from fivesites in the city of Brno (Czech Republic), differentially impacted by pollution. Soils and plants werecollected mid-April 2011. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine concentrations of thestudied elements. The amount of metals measured in soils and plants corresponded with the contaminationload of the sampling place. The highest values of metals were found in the soil and plants sampled at Opuštěná Street, a heavily polluted locality with high traffic density situated in the city centre. Significant correlations were found between the amount of Cd in the soil and in the dandelion roots (r = 0.863) and between the amount of Pb (r = 0.870) and Hg (r = 0.828) in the soil and in the dandelion leaves. Higher Cd content was found in underground part of the plants, indicating soil contamination. The higher Hg and Pb content in leaves rather than in roots in all locations illustrated a contribution of significant atmospheric deposition. Washing the leaves before the analysis significantly reduced the measured metal concentrations. This indicated that substantial amount of metals was on the leaves surface as dry aerosol particles. Inter-metal correlations between soil, leaves and roots samples showed that the sources of Cd, Pb and Hg pollution in Brno urban areas were mainly of anthropogenic origin. The content of heavy metals both in the dandelion plant tissue and in the soil should be seen as a good indicator of natural urban environmental pollution.
International Journal of Environmental Research
University of Tehran/Springer
1735-6865
8
v.
1
no.
2014
157
164
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_705_e01cb6f1cb216a9e192020f023b3c81b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijer.2014.705
Electrocoagulation of Tannery Wastewater using Monopolar Electrodes:
Process Optimization by Response Surface Methodology
G.
Varank
Department of Environmental Engineering, Yýldýz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus,
Esenler, Istanbul, 34220, Turkey
author
H.
Erkan
Department of Environmental Engineering, Yýldýz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus,
Esenler, Istanbul, 34220, Turkey
author
S.
Yazýcý
Department of Environmental Engineering, Yýldýz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus,
Esenler, Istanbul, 34220, Turkey
author
A.
Demir
Department of Environmental Engineering, Yýldýz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus,
Esenler, Istanbul, 34220, Turkey
author
G.
Engin
Department of Environmental Engineering, Yýldýz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus,
Esenler, Istanbul, 34220, Turkey
author
text
article
2014
eng
In the present study, the treatment of tannery wastewater was performed by electrocoagulationmethod (EC) using aluminium and steel electrodes. Response surface methodology (RSM) with three factors; current density (I), electrolysis time (t) and pH, with each factor at five levels, was used to optimize the factors for higher chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS) removal. Operational parameters I, t and pH were varied between 22–110 mA/cm2, 5-45 min and 3-7, respectively. For the optimal parameter values, the removal efficiency of COD and TSS attained respectively 82.2% and 85.5% for aluminium electrodes and 67.4% and 86.2% for steel electrodes. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a high variance coefficient (R2) value of 0.96 and 0.81, for COD and TSS removal, respectively, thus ensuring a satisfactory adjustment of the second-order regression model with the experimental data. Corresponding energy consumption was found to be 2.92 €/m3 and 8.18 €/m3, for COD removal by using aluminium and steel electrodes, respectively.
International Journal of Environmental Research
University of Tehran/Springer
1735-6865
8
v.
1
no.
2014
165
180
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_706_6acc1c4e38835a864b221e23fbd723b5.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijer.2014.706
Urbanisation and Land Take of High Quality Agricultural Soils - Exploring
Long-term Land Use Changes and Land Capability in Northern Italy
T.
Ceccarelli
Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Unit for Climatology and
Meteorology applied to Agriculture (CRA-CMA), Via del Caravita 7a,
I-00186 Rome, Italy
author
S.
Bajocco
Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Unit for Climatology and
Meteorology applied to Agriculture (CRA-CMA), Via del Caravita 7a,
I-00186 Rome, Italy
author
L.
Luigi Perini
Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Unit for Climatology and
Meteorology applied to Agriculture (CRA-CMA), Via del Caravita 7a,
I-00186 Rome, Italy
author
L.
Luca Salvati
Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Centre for the Study of Plant-Soil
Interactions (CRA-RPS), Via della Navicella 2-4, I-00184 Rome, Italy
author
text
article
2014
eng
Urban expansion and agriculture intensification are relevant drivers in Land Degradation (LD)processes in Europe due to net loss of land, soil sealing, landscape fragmentation and other negative effects on the environment. This paper explores changes (or “trajectories” of change) in land use and cover (LULC) and their relationship with the consumption of soils in Emilia-Romagna (northern Italy) over a 55-years period from 1954 to 2008, and separately over three time periods (1954-1976, 1976-1994 and 1994-2008) characterized by distinctive processes of urban and agricultural development. Four high-resolution LULC maps for 1954, 1976, 1994, and 2008 were analysed together with a 1:50,000 scale land capability map used as an indicator of soil quality. Out of an investigated area of around 12.000 km2, 34% underwent changes in LULC over the entire study period. “Agriculture internal conversions” accounted for 46% of the changes and “urban expansion” for as much as 35%. The first period was characterized by “agriculture internal conversions” associated with intensification processes. In the second period internal agricultural conversions became even more important. In the third period the most relevant conversion process was agricultural extensivation, with urban expansion also becoming relevant. During the entire period, the area consumed by urban expansion took around 41 % of the high-quality soils. Other trajectories consumed soils of lower quality, with the exception of internal agricultural conversions (accounting for another 46%). The suggested approach can provide valuable indications for assessing quantity and quality of soils taken by urban expansion, thus orienting sustainable land management.
International Journal of Environmental Research
University of Tehran/Springer
1735-6865
8
v.
1
no.
2014
181
192
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_707_5be17c1cf6262bdc5f8eabaa12da6a18.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijer.2014.707
The Design of an Estimation Model for Environmental Liability Insurance
(ELIS)
M.
MirzaEbrahimTehrani
Department of environmental management, Faculty of Environment and Energy, Science and
Research branch, Islamic Azad University,Tehran ,Iran
author
M.
Abbaspour
Schools of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology (SUT)
author
J.
Nouri
Department of environmental management, Faculty of Environment and Energy, Science and
Research branch, Islamic Azad University,Tehran, Iran
author
N.
Mazloomi
Department of business administration, Faculty of Management and Accounting,
AllamehTabatabai University,Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2014
eng
Pricing for an insurance policy can be described as the process of calculation of expectedcompensation to be paid to property losers as well as associated costs of potential risks. Loss forecast isaccurate if the risks will be identified appropriately in order to calculate the frequency and expected severityof losses.This is particularly important about environmental risks since most of them appear in the long run.Environmental risk assessment model is both able to estimate the environmental liability premium forenvironmental pollution and degradation, and it can play a valuable role in promoting this industry. ELIS(Environmental Liability Insurance) software calculates the environmental risk number in industry sector andinsurance charges for events resulting in environmental pollution. This paper deals with designing the modeland outputs of the software. The user selects the type of project, and input the descriptive informationconcerning the occurrence of possible environmental pollutions. The model calculates risk numbers, the typeof accidents, classification and weighting of severity of environmental impacts, risk priority numbers (RPN);pollutant volume and environmental sensitivity, environmental cost of contaminates, and finally Net premium for Possible Accidents. The case study indicated the applicability of then model. For this case an oil refinery in Iran was selected with a capacity of 85,000.barrels of refined oil per day. The calculated premium on the basis of losses arising from air pollution was evaluated to be equivalent to 70,000$ US. The same procedure can be applied to evaluate the amount of premium for soil and water pollution.
International Journal of Environmental Research
University of Tehran/Springer
1735-6865
8
v.
1
no.
2014
193
204
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_708_4d7bed377994f8c9e9e322a2f42591cd.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijer.2014.708
Influence of Surfactants on the Removal of AOX Using Micellar-
Enhanced Ultrafiltration
A.
Vinder
SiEKO, Kidričeva 25, 3000 Celje, Slovenia
author
M.
Simonič
University of Maribor, Faculty of chemistry and chemical engineering, Smetanova 17, 2000
Maribor, Slovenia
author
Z.
Novak-Pintarič
University of Maribor, Faculty of chemistry and chemical engineering, Smetanova 17, 2000
Maribor, Slovenia
author
text
article
2014
eng
This paper presents the development of a model for evaluating adsorbable organic halogens’(AOX) removal efficiency during wastewater treatment by using the micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF)technique. Surfactants can form larger aggregates (micelles) were prepared into which AOXs dissolve and arethen retained by the membrane. Synthetic wastewater samples containing certain concentrations of surfactants, AOXs, and electrolytes (expressed in terms of conductivity). Regression analysis was used to examine firstly, the effect of anionic surfactants concentrations, and those of non-ionic surfactants and electrolytes on AOX removal and secondly, the effects of anionic and non-ionic surfactants removal efficiences, and electrolytes, on AOXs removal. A relationship was generated for each of the components, showing the removal of AOX as a linear functions of the concentrations of each component. The equations were validated through variance analysis. This study shows that AOXs removal efficiencies largely depend on the formation and removal of anionic surfactant micelles from the membrane. The equations obtained during this study could be used for predicting the extent to which AOXs can be removed if the input parameters are known.
International Journal of Environmental Research
University of Tehran/Springer
1735-6865
8
v.
1
no.
2014
205
212
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_709_e54e46c2eb19c7790bc7307ac757b6e5.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijer.2014.709
Groundwater Valuation and Quality Preservation in Iran: The Case of Yazd
Z.
Abedi
Faculty of Environment and Energy, Department of Environmental Economics, Science and
Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
author
A.
Fattahi Ardakani
Department of Natural Resources, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
author
A.R.
Hanifnejad
aculty of Environment and Energy, Department of Environmental Economics, Science and
Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
author
N.
Dashti Rahmatabadi
Faculty of Persian Literature and Foreign Languages, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran
Branch, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2014
eng
Groundwater can be used directly or indirectly and any decline in its quality or quantity maynegatively impact the environment. Through groundwater valuation, people are made aware of the fact thatgroundwater is not free of charge and therefore the significance of groundwater preservation is established. In this study, groundwater quality preservation value has been estimated for the city of Yazd based on thecontingent valuation method (CVM). The methodology used consisted of field study and library research.After determining the sample size using Cochran’s formula, the distributed questionnaires were filled by theinhabitants of the city of Yazd. Thereafter, the results were analysed using Excel and EViews. Finally, people’s willingness to pay for the preservation of Yazd groundwater quality was estimated to be US$18.5 annually per capita, which is a remarkable value. Hence, it was determined that groundwater quality preservation was of great value to the inhabitants of Yazd.
International Journal of Environmental Research
University of Tehran/Springer
1735-6865
8
v.
1
no.
2014
213
220
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_710_899a8619b3c6db0cf92df8957fbd3d01.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijer.2014.710
Climate Change Impacts on Flood Events and Its Consequences on
Human in Deba River
M.
Mendizabal
Tecnalia Research & Innovation, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Edificio 700, 48160 DERIO
(Bizkaia), Spain
author
J.
Sepúlveda
Engineering School, University of he Basque Country, Gasteiz, Spain
author
P.
Torp
DHI, Department of Urban and River Hydraulics, Ventura Rodriguez 8, 1ºD, 28008, Madrid, Spain
author
text
article
2014
eng
The scientific community agrees that climate change is one of the greatest challenges that oursociety will have to face this century. Indeed, the fourth report from the Intergovernmental Panel on ClimateChange (IPPC) confirms the certitude of this phenomenon and its impacts, which can range from droughts tofloods, health problems and food shortages. The principal objective of this paper is to assess the impact ofclimate change on flood events and its consequences on human. This point is necessary to define and evaluate different adaptation options. Even taking into account the medium greenhouse emission scenario, according to the results, it is expected that extreme precipitation will increase during the twenty century, although there is an uncertainty in the percentage due to the climatic models. It is expected an increase in peak discharge between 14±9 and 15±8 for 3 models and for the period 2001-2040 with a return period exceeding 40 years. For the period 2041-2080 there is more uncertainty, it is expected an increase between 12±8 and 19±10 for 2 models. According to the results, changes in flood event are expected with its associated uncertainty and new flood zones are detected with greater hazard to people.
International Journal of Environmental Research
University of Tehran/Springer
1735-6865
8
v.
1
no.
2014
221
230
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_711_6ab6542bdccc0257ca07bbaba1d1b8dd.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijer.2014.711
Assessment of the Total Nickel Content and its Available Forms in the Soils
Around Cement Plant Lafarge Poland
H.
Dąbkowska- Naskręt
Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, University of Technology and Life Sciences,
Bydgoszcz, Poland
author
H.
Jaworska
Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, University of Technology and Life Sciences,
Bydgoszcz, Poland
author
J.
Długosz
Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, University of Technology and Life Sciences,
Bydgoszcz, Poland
author
text
article
2014
eng
Limestone, exploited near Bielawy, a town located in the kujawsko-pomorskie province ofPoland, is the main raw material in the production process in a cement plant. The dust emitted by the factory is of alkaline pH and contains such heavy metals as: cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni). The research aims at assessing the influence of cement dust on the total content and bioavailable forms of nickel in the soils adjacent to the cement plant. The material comprised the samples of luvisols, taken at different distance from the pollution emmiter, in which the following parameters were determined: pH in 1M KCl, the content of CaCO3 , organic carbon and texture. The total content of nickel ranged between 1.40 and 8.70 mg/kg and as such it does not exceed the nickel content typical for non contaminated soils of the region. The content of phytoavailable forms of nickel ranged between 0.03 and 0.8 mg/kg and is considered as belowtoxicity level, yet may cause allergies. Taking into consideration the texture of the examined soils, their low buffer capacity and vulnerability to pollution it is critical to control the content of nickel and the other metals in soils surrounding the cement plant.
International Journal of Environmental Research
University of Tehran/Springer
1735-6865
8
v.
1
no.
2014
231
236
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_712_a18004857de06f7b8ba710a8f3d5fd18.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijer.2014.712
Radionuclides Concentration in Water and Mud of Euganean Thermal District
C.
Cantaluppi
CNR - Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Surfaces – C.so Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
author
A.
Fasson
CNR - Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Surfaces – C.so Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
author
F.
Ceccotto
CNR - Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Surfaces – C.so Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
author
A.
Cianchi
CNR - Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Surfaces – C.so Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
author
S.
Degetto
CNR - Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Surfaces – C.so Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
author
text
article
2014
eng
The geothermal phenomena in the area nearby the Euganean Hills (near Padua, in Italy) areknown and exploited for therapeutic purposes since ancient times, and recently also for aesthetic purposes.This paper presents the first characterization of the radionuclides content in the Euganean thermal waters and mud, extended to a great number of spas. In particular the radionuclides content of both the 238U and 232Th series in water and mud samples was determined. Moreover, for the first time the transfer of 226Ra and of 228Ra from water to mud during the maturation process was demonstrated and the comparison of 226Ra and of 228Ra activity concentration between mud and water was studied. An excess of “unsupported” 222Rn in water was measured. 226Ra enrichment was observed in “mature” mud, with respect to the “raw” mud. The absorption of radium through skin from mud application was evaluated. Also, it was possible to distinguish some muds prepared from different starting materials.
International Journal of Environmental Research
University of Tehran/Springer
1735-6865
8
v.
1
no.
2014
237
248
https://ijer.ut.ac.ir/article_713_90376f2210258ced97307e5a0bee4e82.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijer.2014.713